Urinalysis Flashcards
What can haematuria indicate?
Haematuria may indicate glomerulonephritis but other sources must be excluded. Haematuria should not be assumed to be due to the presence of an indwelling catheter.
What can proteinuria indicate?
Proteinuria, if heavy, is strongly suggestive of glomerular disease. Urinary infection may also cause proteinuria.
What can glycosuria with normal blood glucose indicate?
Glycosuria with normal blood glucose is common in CKD.
What can the presence of leucocytes or nitrites in urine suggest?
Leucocytes or nitrites, if present, might suggest infection.
What do white blood cells in the urine suggest?
White cells in the urine usually indicate active bacterial urinary infection.
Sterile pyuria
Sterile pyuria can be broadly defined as the presence of leucocytes in the urine in the absence of demonstrable urinary tract infection.
What does sterile pyuria indicate?
Sterile pyuria suggests papillary necrosis or renal tuberculosis.
What does eosinophiluria suggest?
seen in urine microscopy
Eosinophiluria is strongly suggestive of allergic tubulointerstitial nephritis or cholesterol emboli.
What do the presence of granular casts and red-cell casts in the urine suggest?
(seen in urine microscopy)
Granular casts are formed from abnormal cells within the tubular lumen and indicate active renal disease. Red-cell casts are highly suggestive of glomerulonephritis.
A 32 year old woman has been admitted with sudden abdominal pain and is now awaiting emergency surgery for a perforated appendix. She is found to have a creatinine of 430 umol/l. Her observation parameters are stable and she still has a good hourly urine output. She is also found to have mild hypocalcaemia and severe normocytic anaemia, with no history of bleeding, from which she remains asymptomatic. What is the most likely pathophysiological cause for her renal dysfunction:
CKD
The collective term for symptoms including urgency, frequency and nocturia:
Storage symptoms.
