Urinalysis Flashcards
What’s a normal amount of urine production?
Cats , Dogs and horses all produce 1-2ml of urine per hour which is effectively 24/48 mls a day
In avian species why can urine analysis be difficult ?
Bird must be houses separately, it can be difficult to separate urine from fecal matter
Urine should be collected in the morning why?
Sample is more concentrated, more likely to highlight bacterial content , evidence of crystals and other parameters
May have an effect on interpretation of specific gravity and hydration status
What is specific gravity ?
Testing specific gravity with a refractometer Indicated the concentrating ability of of the animals kidney
What do you use to collect a urine sample?
- Universal containers
- Bacteriology sample - boric acid container will be provided preserves the bacteria
- katkor litter for cat sample
What is the normal SG for a Canine ?
1:015 - 1:045
What is the normal SG range for a Feline?
1:035 - 1:060
What is the normal SG for an Equine?
1:020 - 1:050
Symptoms of elevated SG levels?
- Dehydration
- Acute renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- shock
- sediment
- Haemorrhage
Elevated SG means concentrated urine
Symptoms of Decreased SG ??
- Polydipsia
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes insipidus
- Cortico-steroid treatment
- pyometra
Decreased SG means urine is less concentrated
Urine sampling is of significant diagnostic value why?
- Several methods of collection, results are easily indicative of abnormalities less stressful for birds