Lab Revision 1

Question 1

If you have a large bottle of chemicals which I plan to decant into a smaller container, name four potential details I should write on the label with regards to health & safety??

Answer 1

• What is it
• How dilute is it
• If its hazardous or not
• Any storage requirements

Question 2

Name the clear plastic bottle that is used to collect urine and feaces samples??

Answer 2

Universal bottle has a white top

Question 3

What are centrifuges used for??

Answer 3

Centrafuses spin at high speed they are used to

• Separate blood samples, plasma and serum
• Separate feacal or urine samples into solid and liquid phases
• Concentrate materials- worm egg count

Question 4

What speed and duration of time do we spin a blood sample at using the centrifuge??

Answer 4

Spun for 5mins at 10,000 rotations per min (rpm)

Question 5

What do we use a biochemistry analyser for??

Answer 5

To measure how much of a substance is in a patients blood -eg- Glucose

Question 6

What is a Haematology analyser for?

Answer 6

To measure number and type of RBC, WBC within blood sample

Question 7

On a microscope, what are the potential powers for use of an objective lens? I.e on some it is x4 ??

Answer 7

X10 x100 X 40

Question 8

List the steps for using a Microscope??

Answer 8

1) Wear PPE if necessary
2) Remove dust cover and plug the microscope into an electrical socket
3) Lower the stage to its lowest point
4) Adjust the sub stage condenser to a few millimetres below the stage
5) Ensure the reheostat is turned down low before switching on the microscope

6) Turn on the microscope and increase the rheostat to a medium light ( if present)
7) Place microscope slide on the stage and use the clips to hold in place
8) Rotate the lowest objective lens and click into place (x4)
9) Without looking down the eyepieces, move the stage up until the microscope slide sits just underneath the objective lens, without touching it.
10) look thought eyepieces and move them so that you see one field of view

11) As you look through the eyepieces, move the stage slowly downwards using the course focus knob until the image on the microscope slide becomes clear, once the image is clear, you can use the fine focus to sharpen the image.
12) If you need to look at the image using the higher objective lens x10 or x40 you must take your eyes away from the eyepieces and move the objective lens into place making sure it dose not touch the microscope slide. You may then use the fine focus knob to sharpen the image again.

Question 9

What type of sample do we use an objective lens of x10 to look at??

Answer 9

• Feaces examination
• Hair Examination
• Urine Examination
• WBC,RBC Counts
• Parasites

Question 10

List as many types of sample taken by veterinary practices for further analysis/examination as you can??

Answer 10

• Fecal analysis
• Blood samples
• Skin and Tissues biopsies
• Hair
• urine
• puss
• joint fluid
• CSF fluid

Question 11

What is CSF??

Answer 11

Cerebral spinal fluid

Sub-arachnoid space runs the length of brain and spinal cord for protection

Question 12

Which size of needle if finer of the two in terms of width, 25g or 18g ??

Answer 12

25g is finer

Question 13

What is the term used to sample abdominal fluid??

Answer 13

Abdominocentesis Or Abdominal paracentesis

Question 14

If taking a tissue sample what ratio of sample to fixing solution would you use??

Answer 14

10 parts of fixing fluid to 1 part of tissue by volume

Question 15

What might cause ‘lysis’ or breakdown of cells in a blood sample ??

Answer 15

Sample may have been agitated, not spun down or using the wrong gage of needle

Question 16

How would you spectate a blood sample into red blood cells, plasma and buffy coat? ( what is the name of the machine used??

Answer 16

Centrifuge machine

Question 17

What is the difference between plasma and serum ??

Answer 17

Plasma - has cutting factors

Serum dose not

Question 18

List the procedure for sending a sample to a laboratory??

Answer 18

1) Wear PPE
2) Check that sample is preserved correctly, ie is there adequate formalin
3) Ensure the container is labelled with the animals- species, name, breed, sex,age, date, and time of sample
4) Ensure the container is airtight, moisture proof and robust
5) Ensure the total volume/mass of the sample in one package dose not exceed 50ml or 50 g

6) Wrap the container in absorbent cotton to absorb the total volume of fluid in the sample should the container leek or break
7) place in bio hazard bag
8) Ensure the laboratory paperwork/ form has been completed and place this in a plastic bag separate from sample
9) place all the items into the tertiary layer eg: prepaid padded bag supplied by the laboratory
10) Ensure the outer packaging contains the senders name and address

11) Ensure the outer packaging states the nature of the sample and any special instructions eg: handle with care, fragile, pathological specimen
12) Ensure the sample is sent by first class post or via a courier

Question 19

Name two common venepuncture sites for collection in a dog??

Answer 19

Cephalic vein, Jugular vein, lateral saphenous

Question 20

Name two types of anticoagulant??

Answer 20

Ethylenediamine

Tetra-acetic acid

EDTA

Question 21

Why might a blood sample be cloudy ??

Answer 21

Fat globules in serum or plasma

Question 22

What might be the cause of cloudy blood??

Answer 22

• Animal has recently been fed

- Liver disease

Question 23

What is the name of the clay sealant used to seal a microhaematocrit tube??

Answer 23

Crystoseal

Question 24

Name the stain compiled of three separate coloured solutions used to stain a blood smear??

Answer 24

• blue
• red
• purple

Diff quick solution

Question 25

What is PVC used to determine??

Answer 25

% of RBC in blood test for anaemia or dehydration

Question 26

List 3 potential faults that might appear on a blood smear??

Answer 26

• Too thick too thin, hesitation lines
• Crenation-withering, shrivelling of blood cells
• streaks incorrect staining

Question 27

What’s the term used to describe RBC Production??

Answer 27

Erythropoesis

Question 28

When looking at WBC’s there are two types- what are the difference between ‘agranulocytes’ and ‘ granulocytes’ and can you name those belonging to each category??

Answer 28

~ Granulocytes = granules in
cytoplasm(basophil,
Esonophil,Neutrophil

~Agranulocytes =No granules in cytoplasm

                           - Lympocytes
                           - Monocytes

Question 29

Name the plastic piece of equipment with a thick end and a long thin tube used to sook samples into it??

Answer 29

Pasture plastic piplet