Bacteria And Viruses

Question 1

Explain gram positive cells ?

Answer 1

Thick walls with lipid gram positive cells retain dye stain purple

Question 2

Explain Staphlococus Albus?

Answer 2

Gram positive retains dye looks like a bunch of grapes , occus

Question 3

Explain Eschericha Coli?

Answer 3

Gram negative , rod shaped Dosent retain dye

Question 4

Explain Tetanus?

Answer 4

Caused by the gram positive bacteria colostridium tetani - Occurs through deep wounds or cuts

Treatment - Supportive care , antibiotic therapy and muscle relaxants and immunisation as preventative

Question 5

Explain gram negative cells ?

Answer 5

Walls much thinner with two layers no not retain the coloured stain

Gram negs are more resistant to antibiotics

Question 6

Explain Tetanus ?

Answer 6

Caused by a gram positive bacteria Colostridium tetani

Occurs through deep wounds or cuts

Treatment - supportive care , antibiotic therapy and muscle relaxants , immunisation as a preventative

Question 7

Explain Salmonella ?

Answer 7

Zoonotic bacteria not host specific , shed in feaces found in the intestines of mammals, birds, reptiles - Stress is a common factor.

Humans get it from contaminated food and water

-Causes acute vomiting + diahorrhea

Gram negative - Rod shaped Stains PINK/RED

Question 8

Explain leishmaniasis?

Answer 8

Protozoan Parasite

• Transmitted by Phlebotomine sand fly, Pets traveling abroad are at greater risk.

Transmitted by infected saliva from sand fly Leishmania is passed by fly biting an infected animal then biting a healthy animal

– Caused poor wound healing , dermatitis poor body condition , ulcers on the skin , enlarged liver fever and weight loss

– No vaccine available can give Anti protazoal drugs , supportive treatment,

Protazoan parasite is in flies saliva , Treat with leish guard

Question 9

Explain Toxoplasma Gondii?

Answer 9

Protozoan Parasite, she’d in feaces of cats for 10 days cat stops shedding becoming immune cats are asymptomatic

Eggs become infectious after 3 days

Question 10

Clinical signs of Toxoplasma Gondii ?

Answer 10

• Flu like symptoms in humans
• can cause abortion or abnormalities in Prego women, miscarriage
• Abortion in Ewes
• Can cause legions in immunocompromised

Prevention - wear gloves , wash hands, cook meat, stay away fro, lambs and cat feaces if Prego, prevent cat from hunting

Question 11

What colour do Gram positive cells stain?

Answer 11

Stain purple

Question 12

What colour do Gram negative cells stain?

Answer 12

Gram negative can be de-colourarised to accept counter stain reddish/pink

Question 13

What shape are Bacilli?

Answer 13

Rod shaped

Question 14

What shape are cocci?

Answer 14

Circles - 2 types

Stereptococci

Diplococci