Urinalysis Flashcards
What are indications for performing a urinalysis?
- aid to search for diagnosis of disease
- screen patients for asymptomatic diseases
- monitor biologic behavior of disease
- monitor effectiveness and safety of therapy
What are the disorders of the urinary system?
- renal disease/failure
- bacterial infection
- hematuria
- neoplasia
- crystalluria
- urolithiasis
What is Uremia?
abnormal concentration of urine constituents in blood caused by generalized renal disease;marked by polysystemic toxic syndrome which occurs as a result of both kidneys being impaired. Uremic crises may result from disorders such as CHF, acute pancreatitis or endocrine crisis
What is Bacteriuria?
bacteria in the urine
What is Pyuria?
WBC’s in the urine
What is Hematuria?
blood in urine
What is Crystalluria?
crystals in urine
What are Uroliths?
stones in urine
What are the Non-Urinary Disorders?
- diabetes mellitus
- diabetes insipidus
- hepatic failure
- severe hemolytic disease
- pre renal azotemia
What conditions are associated with Diabetes Mellitus?
- hyperglycemia
- glucosuria
- ketonuria
What condition is associated with Hepatic Failure?
bilirubinuria
What is Pre-Renal Azotemia?
abnormal concentration of urea, creatinine and other nitrogenous substances in the blood; can be caused by an increased rate of production or decreased rate of removal in urine or both
What can the value of urinalysis be influenced by?
- diet being consumed
- condition of patient at time of sample collection
- method of sample collection
- sample handling and preservation
- testing methods
- medications
What is Micturition?
act of passing urine, voiding, “peeing”, etc.
What are the methods of sample collection?
- voided
- bladder expression
- catheterization
- cystocentesis
When should a sample be collected?
prior to beginning therapy (fluid or drug) in order to ensure accurate results
What type of sample is most concentrated and least affected by dietary factors?
early morning, pre prandial
What is the easiest method of sample collection?
voided
What can easily contaminate Voided samples?
bacteria in distal urethral (vulva/prepuce) secretions
Why can the WBC count be elevated in Voided samples?
due to inflammation of genital tract
What type of voided sample is least contaminated?
midstream sample
What can affect results of Table Top collected samples?
- cleanliness of table
- chemical agents/disinfectants
What can happen if too much pressure is applied during a Bladder Expression?
injure or rupture bladder
What kind of animals should you never use a Bladder Expression on?
animal’s with fragile bladder wall or with urethral obstruction