Urinalysis

Question 1

pH normal range

Answer 1

4.5 - 8.0

Question 2

pH false alkalinity

Answer 2

bacterial growth

Question 3

pH false acidity

Answer 3

improper reagent strip dipping technique

Question 4

pH clinical significance

Answer 4

Correlation with alkalosis or acidosis if kidney function is normal

Question 5

Leukocyte normal range

Answer 5

Neg

Question 6

False pos for leukocytes

Answer 6

colored urine
contamination

Question 7

False neg for leukocytes

Answer 7

high [protein], [glucose]

ascorbic acid

antibiotics (cephalexin, cephalothin, gentamycin, tetracycline)

not mixing before dipping strip

Question 8

leukocyte clinical significance

Answer 8

infection/inflammation

Question 9

Nitrate normal range

Answer 9

Neg

Question 10

Nitrate false pos

Answer 10

colored urine

improper storage (bacteria growth produces nitrates)

Question 11

Nitrate false neg

Answer 11

urine not held in bladder for sufficient time

high [ascorbic acid]

high specific gravity

Question 12

Protein normal range

Answer 12

Neg

Question 13

Protein false pos

Answer 13

colored urines

highly buffered alkaline urines

high specific gravity

prolonged dipping of strip

Question 14

protein false neg

Answer 14

proteins other than albumin

Question 15

Nitrate clinical significance

Answer 15

gram neg bacterial infection

Question 16

protein clinical significance

Answer 16

Renal disease

Question 17

Glucose normal range

Answer 17

Neg

Question 18

glucose false pos

Answer 18

contamination

Question 19

glucose false neg

Answer 19

low temp

high specific gravity

high [ketone] or [ascorbic acid]

bacterial growth

Question 20

glucose clinical significance

Answer 20

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

renal disease

pregnancy

Question 21

Ketones normal range

Answer 21

Neg

Question 22

ketones false pos

Answer 22

colored urine

bacterial growth

presence of MESNA or captopril

Question 23

ketones false neg

Answer 23

bacterial growth

Question 24

ketones clinical significance

Answer 24

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

inherited metabolic disorder

dieting

starvation

Question 25

Blood normal range

Answer 25

neg

Question 26

blood false pos

Answer 26

contamination

bacterial peroxidases

myoglobin

Question 27

blood false neg

Answer 27

increased specific gravity

high [ascorbic acid]

not mixing before dipping strip

Question 28

blood clinical significance (hematuria)

Answer 28

renal stones

glomerulonephritis

pyelonephritis

Question 29

blood clinical significance (hemoglobuinuria)

Answer 29

IVH

transfusion reaction

severe burns

infection

Question 30

urobilinogen normal range

Answer 30

neg (<16 umol/L)

Question 31

urobilinogen false pos

Answer 31

colored urines

porphobilinogen

Question 32

urobilinogen false neg

Answer 32

acidic urine

exposure to light

stored at room temp

Question 33

urobilinogen clinical significance

Answer 33

hemolytic disorders

liver disease (excluding hepatobiliary obstruction

Question 34

bilirubin (conjugated) normal range

Answer 34

neg

Question 35

bilirubin false pos

Answer 35

colored urines

Question 36

bilirubin false neg

Answer 36

exposure to light

storage at 4 degrees

high [ascorbic acid] or [nitrite]

Question 37

bilirubin clinical significance

Answer 37

hepatobiliary obstruction

hepatitis, cirrhosis

Question 38

specific gravity normal range

Answer 38

1.005 - 1.030

Question 39

SG false increase

Answer 39

high [protein]

Question 40

SG false decrease

Answer 40

highly buffered alkaline urine

Question 41

SG clinical significance

Answer 41

hydration status

ketones increase SG

Question 42

pH indicators

Answer 42

bromothymol blue

methyl red

Question 43

how are leukocytes detected

Answer 43

granulocytic esterases hydrolyze an ester on reaction pad

this compound reacts with diazonium salt to produce an azo dye