Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLSCI 360 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ALP found

A

intestine, liver, bone, placenta

also RBC surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Paget’s disease

A

ALP 10-25x the normal upper limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteomalacia, Rickets

A

ALP is 2-4x the normal upper limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

ALP is slightly - moderately increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteoporosis

A

ALP is normal or slightly increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hepatobiliary Disease

A

ALP is 3-10x normal upper limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hepatic cancer

A

ALP is 10-12x the normal upper limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

A

slight increase in ALP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ALP measured absorbance

A

405 nm

alkaline pH ~10 is necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ALP activators

A

Zn and Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ALP inhibitors

A

phosphate, oxalates, citrate, EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ALP limitations

A

plasma/serum should be measured w/in 4 hours

increases with storage at 4 degrees and room temp

NO HEMOLYZED SPECIMENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is LD found

A

everywhere

Highest []s are heart, liver, skeletal muscles, RBCs, PLTs, lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical significance of LD

A

non-specific indicator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LD and anemia

A

increased serum LD

hemolytic and megaloblastic anemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LD and liver disease

A

increased in viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LD and heart disease

A

increased in myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LD Methodology

A

NAD ====> NADH

observe increase in Abs at 340 nm

pH should be 8.3 - 8.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LD coenzyme

A

NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LD limitations

A

serum preferred, PLTs can interfere

store at room temp

NO HEMOLYZED SPECIMENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is ALT found

A

liver and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ALT and viral hepatitis and acute hepatic necrosis

A

increases 10-40x normal upper limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ALT and acetaminophen toxicity

A

> 85x normal upper limit

24
Q

ALT and NAFLD, metabolic syndrome

A

Elevated []s may observed

25
Q

ALT methodology

A

2 step reaction, 2nd step done by LD
NADH =====> NAD+

Measure Abs at 340 nm

pH 7.3 - 7.8

26
Q

ALT coenzyme

A

pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (vitamin B6)

27
Q

ALT limitations

A

should be measured same day

stable at -70

hemolysis may falsely elevate result due to endogenous LD

28
Q

where is GGT found

A

kidney

bile ducts of liver

pancreas

intestine

29
Q

GGT and hepatobiliary disease

A

indicator, especially for bile obstruction

30
Q

GGT and alcohol hepatitis

A

elevated

31
Q

Can GGT help in determining if observed [ALP] elevations are due to hepatobiliary disease or skeletal disease?

A

Yes, GGT is normal in skeletal disorders and pregnancy

32
Q

GGT methodology

A

measure Abs at 405 nm

pH at 8.2

33
Q

GGT activator

A

Mg

34
Q

GGT inhibitors

A

citrate
oxalate
fluoride

35
Q

GGT limitations

A

non-hemolyzed preferred

GGT higher in newborns

ethanol, warfarin, phenobarbital, and phenytoin can falsely elevate

36
Q

where is CK found

A

muscle, heart, brain

37
Q

CK and muscle

A

increased in all forms of muscular dystrophy

increased in muscle trauma, rhabdomyolysis

38
Q

CK and heart

A

increased in cardiac disorders

39
Q

CK methodology

A

3 step reaction

measure Abs at 340 nm

pH is 6.8

40
Q

CK activator

A

Mg

41
Q

CK coenzyme

A

ATP

42
Q

CK inhibitors

A

all anticoagulants other than heparin

Mn, Ca, Zn, Cu, excess Mg

43
Q

CK limitations

A

stable up to 48 hours at 4 degrees

Gross hemolysis interferes with second step in reaction (hexokinase)

44
Q

where is AMY found

A

salivary glands, pancreas, ovaries, fallopian tubes, lungs

45
Q

AMY and salivary gland

A

increased with inflammation (mumps)

46
Q

AMY and acute pancreas

A

increases 5 to 8 hours after onset of symptoms, peaks at 24 hrs, back to normal in 3-5 days

(lipase is more specific)

47
Q

AMY and intrabdominal disorders (ectopic pregnancy, biliary tract disease, appendicitis, intestinal blockage)

A

increased

48
Q

AMY methodology

A

4 step reaction

NAD ====> to NADH
measure at 340 nm

pH 6.9-7.0

49
Q

AMY activator

A

Ca is needed 100%

50
Q

AMY inhibitors

A

all coagulants except heparin

51
Q

AMY limitations

A

serum and urine AMY stable at room temp

in vitro, plasma triglycerides inhibit activity

Morphine and opiates falsely increase

52
Q

where is LIP found

A

pancreas, stomach, small intestine

53
Q

LIP and acute pancreatitis

A

used to diagnose

increases 4-8 hours after onset of symptoms, peaks at 24 hrs, normal at 7-14 days

> 3x normal upper limit

54
Q

How is LIP measured

A

colorimetric, turbidimetric, titrimetric

55
Q

LIP cofactors

A

colipase and bile salts

56
Q

LIP limitations

A

stable in serum at room temp for one week

hemolysis should be avoided

lipemia and bilirubin is method dependent

MLSCI 360 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions