Urina 4.2.2 Flashcards
Which of the following terms and descriptions is incorrectly matched?
• Pleural cavity-surrounds the abdominal organs
•Pericardial cavity-surrounds the heart
•Parietal membrane-lines the body wall
•Visceral membrane-covers organs
• Pleural cavity-surrounds the abdominal organs
All of these statements are true with regard to serous membranes except
•they surround the heart, lungs, and abdominal organs. )
•they line internal surfaces of the body cavity wall.
•they produce an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
• the composition of serous fluid is similar to that of plasma.
the composition of serous fluid is similar to that of plasma
Which statement with regard to the formation of serous fluid is not true?
) Hydrostatic pressure forces serous fluid to form in the cavity.
• The permeability of the capillaries regulates the protein composition of the ultrafiltrate.
• Plasma proteins produce oncotic pressure in the cavity.
• The lymphatic system removes fluid from a cavity by absorption.
Plasma proteins produce oncotic pressure in the cavity.
An excess accumulation of fluid in a body cavity that is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, and increased permeability of the endothelium is a(n)
exudate.
• effusion.
transudate.
• edema.
effusion
It is 2100 hours, and a thoracentesis specimen from a 65-year-old male is delivered by the ED nurse to the laboratory immediately after collection. The nurse hands the technologist a heparinized syringe, an EDTA tube, a plain tube, an SPS tube, and a plastic container for cytology containing 100 mL of pleural fluid. The technologist should
1. immediately run the pH on the syringe sample.
2. store the sample for PAP staining at room temperature.
3. complete the cell count and chemical analyses within 1 hour.
4. perform a STAT Gram stain and do the culture setup ASAP.
1 and 2
• 2, 3, and 4
1, 3, and 4
• All of the above
1, 3, and 4
The term ascites refers to
• any effusion.
• effusion from the peritoneal cavity.
•effusion from the pleural cavity. effusion from the pericardial cavity.
effusion from the peritoneal cavity.
Which of the following is an incorrect match?
• Lung cancer-exudate
• Hypoproteinemia-transudate
Pneumonia-transudate
• Inflammatory condition-exudate
Pneumonia-transudate
A chylous effusion can be differentiated from a pseudochylous effusion by which of the following results?
18
く
21
Triglycerides 30 mg/dL; chylomicrons present
• Triglycerides 60 mg/dL; chylomicrons absent
• Triglycerides 120 mg/dL; chylomicrons present
Triglycerides 150 mg/dL; chylomicrons absent
Triglycerides 120 mg/dL; chylomicrons present
Chylous effusions may result from which pathogenic condition?
• Myxedema
• Lymphoma
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Tuberculosis
Lymphoma
A WBC count greater than 1000 cells/uL in pericardial fluid is suggestive of
• bacterial peritonitis.
• pericarditis.
hemorrhagic effusion.
trauma of the pericardium.
pericarditis
A differential count on paracentesis fluid includes which of the following?
1. WBCs
2. Mesothelial cells
3. Malignant cells
4. RBCS
1 and 3
• 2 and 4
• 1, 2, and 3
• 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 3
During a paracentesis, a cloudy, yellow effusion shows clotting as it is withdrawn; this is most likely
• a transudate.
an exudate.
plasma.
edematous fluid.
exudate.
The predominant cell type in a differential cell count on a pleural fluid caused by systemic disease is the
neutrophil.
) lymphocyte.
malignant cell.
mesothelial cell.
neutrophil
Specific diagnoses of serous fluid analyses are supported by which of the following?
1. Differential count
2. Gram stain and culture
3. Chemical analyses
4. Color and clarity
• 1 and 2
2, 3, and 4
4
• All of the above
• 1 and 2
The total protein fluid to serum ratio and fluid to serum lactate dehydrogenase ratio in serous fluid is a reliable means to differentiate
pericardial fluid from peritoneal and pleural fluid.
serous fluid from plasma.
• a transudate from an exudate. peritoneal fluid from pleural fluid.
• a transudate from an exudate
Total protein testing on a patient who underwent a peritoneocentesis reports a serum plasma total protein of 6.8 g/dL and pleuranfluid total protein of 4.5 g/dL.
What is the fluid to serum total protein ratio?
6.8 to 4.5
0.7 to 11.3
1.5
• 0.7
0.7
High fluid amylase levels 1.5 to 2 times higher than the serum value occur most often in all of the following pathologic conditions except
• metastatic disease. esophageal rupture.
• rheumatoid arthritis.
gastroduodenal perforation.
rheumatoid arthritis.
Which serous glucose values correlate correctly with the pathologic condition?
1. Tuberculosis: greater than 60 mg/dL
2. Malignant neoplasms: greater than 60 mg/dL
3. Bacterial infection: less than 60 mg/dL
4. Rheumatoid arthritis: less than 60 mg/dL
1 and 2
• 3 and 4
1, 3, and 4
• All of the above
• 3 and 4
All of the following are true with regard to pleural fluid pH values except
• pH value greater than 7.30 does not require drainage tubes for resolution.
• requires anaerobic sampling technique using heparinized syringe. useful for identifying patients with lung abscesses.
• clinically useful in pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural effusions.
clinically useful in pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural effusions.
Identification of malignant effusions in patients with a previous history of malignancy is significantly increased when cytology studies are combined with which test?
• Amylase
• CEA
• Glucose
• Lipids
CEA
Delay in handling and processing serous fluids for microbial testing can result in
• false-positive results.
) false-negative results.
•no impact if a plain red tube is used.
• Aand C
• false-positive results
A physician receives a laboratory report on a peritoneal fluid specimen from a 72-year-old male. The physician scans the report for the following results
• Total protein ratio: greater than 0.5
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) ratio: greater than 0.6
• Glucose: less than 60 mg/dL
• Serum glucose: 115 mg/dL
Based on these results, the physician determines that the effusion was most likely
a(n)
finn
transudate.
• exudate.
malignant transudate.
serum-effusion mixture.
exudate.
