Urina 4.2.2

Question 1

Which of the following terms and descriptions is incorrectly matched?
• Pleural cavity-surrounds the abdominal organs
•Pericardial cavity-surrounds the heart
•Parietal membrane-lines the body wall
•Visceral membrane-covers organs

Answer 1

• Pleural cavity-surrounds the abdominal organs

Question 2

All of these statements are true with regard to serous membranes except

•they surround the heart, lungs, and abdominal organs. )
•they line internal surfaces of the body cavity wall.
•they produce an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
• the composition of serous fluid is similar to that of plasma.

Answer 2

the composition of serous fluid is similar to that of plasma

Question 3

Which statement with regard to the formation of serous fluid is not true?
) Hydrostatic pressure forces serous fluid to form in the cavity.
• The permeability of the capillaries regulates the protein composition of the ultrafiltrate.
• Plasma proteins produce oncotic pressure in the cavity.
• The lymphatic system removes fluid from a cavity by absorption.

Answer 3

Plasma proteins produce oncotic pressure in the cavity.

Question 4

An excess accumulation of fluid in a body cavity that is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, and increased permeability of the endothelium is a(n)
exudate.
• effusion.
transudate.
• edema.

Answer 4

effusion

Question 5

It is 2100 hours, and a thoracentesis specimen from a 65-year-old male is delivered by the ED nurse to the laboratory immediately after collection. The nurse hands the technologist a heparinized syringe, an EDTA tube, a plain tube, an SPS tube, and a plastic container for cytology containing 100 mL of pleural fluid. The technologist should
1. immediately run the pH on the syringe sample.
2. store the sample for PAP staining at room temperature.
3. complete the cell count and chemical analyses within 1 hour.
4. perform a STAT Gram stain and do the culture setup ASAP.
1 and 2
• 2, 3, and 4
1, 3, and 4
• All of the above

Answer 5

1, 3, and 4

Question 6

The term ascites refers to
• any effusion.
• effusion from the peritoneal cavity.
•effusion from the pleural cavity. effusion from the pericardial cavity.

Answer 6

effusion from the peritoneal cavity.

Question 7

Which of the following is an incorrect match?
• Lung cancer-exudate
• Hypoproteinemia-transudate
Pneumonia-transudate
• Inflammatory condition-exudate

Answer 7

Pneumonia-transudate

Question 8

A chylous effusion can be differentiated from a pseudochylous effusion by which of the following results?
18
く
21
Triglycerides 30 mg/dL; chylomicrons present
• Triglycerides 60 mg/dL; chylomicrons absent
• Triglycerides 120 mg/dL; chylomicrons present
Triglycerides 150 mg/dL; chylomicrons absent

Answer 8

Triglycerides 120 mg/dL; chylomicrons present

Question 9

Chylous effusions may result from which pathogenic condition?
• Myxedema
• Lymphoma
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Tuberculosis

Answer 9

Lymphoma

Question 10

A WBC count greater than 1000 cells/uL in pericardial fluid is suggestive of
• bacterial peritonitis.
• pericarditis.
hemorrhagic effusion.
trauma of the pericardium.

Answer 10

pericarditis

Question 11

A differential count on paracentesis fluid includes which of the following?
1. WBCs
2. Mesothelial cells
3. Malignant cells
4. RBCS
1 and 3
• 2 and 4
• 1, 2, and 3
• 2, 3, and 4

Answer 11

1, 2, and 3

Question 12

During a paracentesis, a cloudy, yellow effusion shows clotting as it is withdrawn; this is most likely
• a transudate.
an exudate.
plasma.
edematous fluid.

Answer 12

exudate.

Question 13

The predominant cell type in a differential cell count on a pleural fluid caused by systemic disease is the
neutrophil.
) lymphocyte.
malignant cell.
mesothelial cell.

Answer 13

neutrophil

Question 14

Specific diagnoses of serous fluid analyses are supported by which of the following?
1. Differential count
2. Gram stain and culture
3. Chemical analyses
4. Color and clarity
• 1 and 2
2, 3, and 4
4
• All of the above

Answer 14

• 1 and 2

Question 15

The total protein fluid to serum ratio and fluid to serum lactate dehydrogenase ratio in serous fluid is a reliable means to differentiate

pericardial fluid from peritoneal and pleural fluid.
serous fluid from plasma.
• a transudate from an exudate. peritoneal fluid from pleural fluid.

Answer 15

• a transudate from an exudate

Question 16

Total protein testing on a patient who underwent a peritoneocentesis reports a serum plasma total protein of 6.8 g/dL and pleuranfluid total protein of 4.5 g/dL.
What is the fluid to serum total protein ratio?
6.8 to 4.5
0.7 to 11.3
1.5
• 0.7

Answer 16

0.7

Question 17

High fluid amylase levels 1.5 to 2 times higher than the serum value occur most often in all of the following pathologic conditions except
• metastatic disease. esophageal rupture.
• rheumatoid arthritis.
gastroduodenal perforation.

Answer 17

rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 18

Which serous glucose values correlate correctly with the pathologic condition?
1. Tuberculosis: greater than 60 mg/dL
2. Malignant neoplasms: greater than 60 mg/dL
3. Bacterial infection: less than 60 mg/dL
4. Rheumatoid arthritis: less than 60 mg/dL

1 and 2
• 3 and 4
1, 3, and 4
• All of the above

Answer 18

• 3 and 4

Question 19

All of the following are true with regard to pleural fluid pH values except
• pH value greater than 7.30 does not require drainage tubes for resolution.
• requires anaerobic sampling technique using heparinized syringe. useful for identifying patients with lung abscesses.
• clinically useful in pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural effusions.

Answer 19

clinically useful in pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural effusions.

Question 20

Identification of malignant effusions in patients with a previous history of malignancy is significantly increased when cytology studies are combined with which test?
• Amylase
• CEA
• Glucose
• Lipids

Answer 20

CEA

Question 21

Delay in handling and processing serous fluids for microbial testing can result in
• false-positive results.
) false-negative results.
•no impact if a plain red tube is used.
• Aand C

Answer 21

• false-positive results

Question 22

A physician receives a laboratory report on a peritoneal fluid specimen from a 72-year-old male. The physician scans the report for the following results
• Total protein ratio: greater than 0.5
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) ratio: greater than 0.6
• Glucose: less than 60 mg/dL
• Serum glucose: 115 mg/dL
Based on these results, the physician determines that the effusion was most likely
a(n)
finn
transudate.
• exudate.
malignant transudate.
serum-effusion mixture.

Answer 22

exudate.