Urina 4.1

Question 1

Fecal analysis is useful in the diagnosis all of the following conditions except
A) hepatic/biliary conditions.
B) colorectal cancer.
C) pancreatic diseases.
D) diabetes mellitus.

Answer 1

D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 2

The principal function of the large intestine is to absorb all of the following except
A) potassium.
B) water.
C) chloride.
D) sodium.

Answer 2

A) potassium

Question 3

Watery stools will result if the fluid volume presented to the large intestine exceeds
• 1500 mL.
• 4000 mL.
• 5400 mL.
• 9000 mL.

Answer 3

• 4000 mL

Question 4

The presence of scybala in a fecal specimen indicates
• parasitic infection.
• presence of fecal fat.
• decrease in digestive enzymes.
• decreased intestinal mobility.

Answer 4

• decreased intestinal mobility

Question 5

A 65-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of diarrhea for the past month. Previous bacterial, ova, and parasitic testing was. negative. Fecal osmolality testing is performed, and the result is 330 mOsm/kg. The fecal sodium is 75 mEq/L, and the fecal potassium is 103 mEq/L. The patient is suffering from
• secretory diarrhea.
• intestinal hypermotility.
• osmotic diarrhea.
• steatorrhea.

Answer 5

• osmotic diarrhea

Question 6

Secretory diarrhea can result from all of the following conditions except
• maldigestion.
• salmonella.
• ulcerative colitis.
• neoplasms.

Answer 6

maldigestion

Question 7

Intestinal motility can be altered by all of the following except
1. sympathetic nerve activity.
2. parasympathetic nerve activity.
3. hormones.
4. emotions.
5. chemicals.
1, 3, and 4
2,4, and 5
2, 3, 4, and 5
All are correct

Answer 7

All are correct

Question 8

Steatorrhea is primarily characterized by feces that are
• clay-colored.
• small and round.
• greasy and spongy.
• foamy and floating.

Answer 8

• greasy and spongy

Question 9

Fecal fat excretion originates from which of the following sources?
1. Sloughed intestinal epithelium
2. Bacterial byproducts of metabolism
3. Gastrointestinal secretions
4. Diet
3 and 4
1, 2, and 4
2 and 4
All are correct

Answer 9

All are correct

Question 10

Steatorrhea due to malabsorption may result from
• pancreatic cancer.
• celiac disease.
• ileal resection.
• bile duct obstruction.

Answer 10

• celiac disease

Question 11

Quantitative testing for any fecal substances requires which fecal specimens?
• Multiple-day collection
• Random single collection
• Collection on a card times 3
• 24-hour collection

Answer 11

• Multiple-day collection

Question 12

Acholic stools are characteristic of which of the following conditions?
1. Hepatitis
2. Biliary obstruction
3. Barium enema
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3

Answer 12

2 and 3

Question 13

A 40-year-old woman with heavy menstrual periods is diagnosed with anemia and prescribed 180 mg/dL of iron per day. She is told that she can expect the color of her feces to be
black.
brown.
clay.
green.

Answer 13

black.

Question 14

A 23-year-old man who has had diarrhea off and on for the past month provides a fecal specimen for fecal leukocyte testing. The results show 1 to 3 WBC/hpf. The physician informs the patient that these results indicate that the patient
• is normal and should add more fiber to his diet.
• has a parasitic infection that is causing colitis.
• has an inflammatory condition that requires further testing.
• has viral gastroenteritis, which should clear up shortly.

Answer 14

• has an inflammatory condition that requires further testing.

Question 15

A two-slide qualitative fecal fat determination produces an increased amount of neutral fat on the first slide compared to the second slide. These results indicate
• maldigestion.
• malabsorption.
• steatorrhea.
• ulcerative colitis.

Answer 15

maldigestion

Question 16

Which of the following results of qualitative fecal fat determmations are common with steatorrhea?
• Increased number of globules with extremely large globules (40 to 80 mm)
• Decreased number of globules with large globules (20 to 40 mm)
• Less than 100 globules/hpf with an increased number of small globules (4 mm or smaller)
• Greater than 100 small globules/pf, ranging from 2 to 4 mm in size

Answer 16

Decreased number of globules with large globules (20 to 40 mm)

Question 17

An increased number of meat fibers (creatorrhea in feces correlates with
• an increased number of vegetable fibers.
• impaired digestion.
• decreased intestinal mobility.
•the presence of fecal leukocytes.

Answer 17

• impaired digestion

Question 18

Neutral fats can be viewed microscopically for qualitative fat analysis by staining with

eosin in 10% alcohol.
methyl red.
Sudan IV.
safranin.

Answer 18

Sudan IV.

Question 19

Bleeding in the lower GI tract may result in the presence of
• melena in the feces.
• bright red blood in the feces.
•mahogany-colored stool.
• black, tarry stool.

Answer 19

• bright red blood in the feces.

Question 20

A 55-year-old woman is given three guaiac-based occult test cards for fecal occult blood testing. She rigidly follows the dietary restrictions and collects specimens on Saturday the 8th, Sunday the 9th, and Thursday 13th. She delivers all three cards to the laboratory on Monday the 17th. The laboratory technologist
• accepts the spècimens and adds hydrogen peroxide.
• accepts all three slides and rehydrates them before testing.
• accepts the slide from Thursday but rejects the slides from Saturday and Sunday.
. rejects all three slides and asks the patient to recollect the specimens.

Answer 20

accepts the slide from Thursday but rejects the slides from Saturday and Sunday.

Question 21

An 80-year-old patient returns three fecal occult blood cards to the laboratory. The specimens were collected on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday and then delivered and received into the laboratory on Thursday. The test results are positive for the Tuesday and Wednesday cards but negative for the Monday card. The most likely explanation for these results is
• failure to follow dietary restrictions.
• storage time limit exceeded.
• intermittent Gl bleeding.
• contamination of the specimen.

Answer 21

• intermittent Gl bleeding

Question 22

The physician suspects that a patient has lower GI bleeding and calls the laboratory
to find out which occult blood test is more specific for this type of bleeding. The technologist tells the physician to order which test?
• Porphyrin-based fecal occult blood test
•Guaiac-fecal occult blood test
• Immunochemical fecal occult blood test
•A, B, or C, because they all detect lower GI bleeding

Answer 22

Immunochemical fecal occult blood test

Question 23

A 1-week-old infant is taken to the pediatrician by the mother, who reports that she has seen blood streaks in the baby’s “spit-up.” The baby is weighed and shows a 1-pound gain since release from the hospital. The baby’s vital signs are all normal. The physician has the mother nurse the baby in the office. When the baby is burped, a small amount of red blood is seen in the spit-up. The specimen is collected and sent to the laboratory STAT for an Apt test. A yellow color is seen in the alkaline tube after 2 minutes, indicating that
• the blood is of maternal origin.
• the baby has gastric bleeding.
• the quantity is not sufficient, and the specimen must be recollected.
• the test result is normal; no blood is present.

Answer 23

• the blood is of maternal origin.

Question 24

A quantitative fecal fat determination is performed on a spegimen from a 25-year-old woman. The test results come back as 96% fat retention. This definitively indicates that the patient has
mild steatorrhea.
malabsorption steatorrhea.
maldigestion steatorrhea.
• normal fat absorption.

Answer 24

• normal fat absorption

Question 25

The xylose absorption test is used to differentiate
hereditary disaccharidase deficiency from secondary deficiencies.
• lactose intolerance in African and Asian populations.
•enzyme deficiency in the intestinal •epithelium from bacterial action.
• carbohydrate malabsorption from •carbohydrate maldigestion.

Answer 25

•carbohydrate maldigestion.

Question 26

The presence of foamy and floating stools is due to
• constipation.
• increased sodium.
• gas.
• hypomotility.

Answer 26

• gas

Question 27

All of the following guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) results are correctly paired except
false-negative- cantaloupe.
•false-positive-red or rare meat.
•false-negative-ascorbic acid.
• false-positive-broccoli.

Answer 27

false-negative- cantaloupe.

Question 28

Which of the following organisms can cause noninflammatory diarrhea?
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Campylobacter
• ЕНЕС
•Shigella

Answer 28

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 29

A 19-year-old man presented to ED with severe lower abdominal pain. He stated he has been having watery diarrhea for the past couple of weeks and now it has progressed to bloody diarrhea. He stated he had not been out of the country or eaten anything unusual. A CAT scan revealed ulcerations in the GI tract. A fecal culture, ova and parasite, leukocyte count, lactoferrin, and FÖBT were ordered, and results are
Fecal culture
O & P
Leukocytes
Lactoferrin
FOBT
Negative
Negative
Present
Positive
Positive
The most likely cause of diarrhea is
• inflammatory/osmotic/maldigestion due to EHEC.
• noninflammatory/secretory/hypermotility due to lactose intolerance.
• inflammatory/osmotic/malabsorption due to Crohn’s disease.
•noninflammtory/hypermotility/malabsorption due to ulcerative colitis.

Answer 29

• inflammatory/osmotic/malabsorption due to Crohn’s disease.