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OrganHisto Exam Two > Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra > Flashcards

Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of the urinary system?

A

Regulate water and electrolyte balance
Excretion of nitrogenous wastes and some extra water and electrolytes
Excretion of other materials like drugs
Secrete renin

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2
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra

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3
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

Transport urine to urinary bladder

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4
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the luminal wall of the ureter?

A

Urothelium

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5
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa in the ureter?

A

Bottom basal layer, intermediate cell layer, top layer of large umbrella cells

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6
Q

What is the shape of the intermediate cells of the ureter mucosa?

A

More columnar-like and taller

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7
Q

What is a unique aspect of the structure of the umbrella cells in the ureter mucosa?

A

Can be bi-nucleate

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the free-edge plasma membrane of the superficial layer of the ureter mucosa?

A

Can fold at thinner areas

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9
Q

What is the function of the plaque seen in the superficial layer of the ureter mucosa?

A

Protect cells and tissue beneath

Block water passage

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10
Q

In what location are placque and umbrella cells more developed?

A

Urinary bladder

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11
Q

What makes up the lamina propria of the ureter?

A

Rather dense irregular connective tissue

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12
Q

What makes up the muscularis externa of the ureter?

A

Smooth muscle mixed with connective tissue

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13
Q

What is the muscular pattern of the muscularis externa of the ureter?

A

Reversed pattern: inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer

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14
Q

How do the muscles layers of the ureter change at the distal end?

A

3 total layers: inner and outer longitudinal layers and middle circular layer

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15
Q

What action helps move the urine in the muscularis externa of the urine?

A

Peristaltic contraction

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16
Q

What makes up the adventitia of the ureter?

A

Adipose, blood vessels, and nerves

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17
Q

Why does the ureter connect the urinary bladder at an angle?

A

To form a valve

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18
Q

When do the entrances to the ureters close?

A

As bladder fills

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19
Q

What is the function of the valve in the ureter?

A

Prevents backflow to stop spread of infection to kidneys

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20
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

Storage of urine

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21
Q

What is the epithelium seen in the mucosa of the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

22
Q

What is the function of the mucosa of the bladder?

A

Stretch and protect from hypertonic and toxic urine

23
Q

Why is plaque well developed in the mucosa of the bladder?

A

Enables folding at thinner areas when bladder collapses

24
Q

What makes up the lamina propria of the bladder?

A

Rather dense irregular connective tissue

25
Q

What is the specific name for the muscularis externa of the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

26
Q

What is the muscle layout of the muscularis externa of the bladder?

A

Inner and outer longitudinal layers and middle circular layer

27
Q

What is the circle of muscle around the urethral opening into the urinary bladder?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

28
Q

What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Involuntary smooth muscle

29
Q

What supplies the blood vessels of the urinary bladder?

A

Sympathetics

30
Q

What supplies the muscularis externa and adventitia of the urinary bladder?

A

Parasympathetics from S2-S4 splanchnic nerves

31
Q

Where is the sensory nerve supply seen involving the bladder

A

Seen from the urinary bladder to the sacral spinal cord

32
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic and sensory innervation of the urinary bladder?

A

Afferent fibers for the micturition reflex

33
Q

What kind of tube is the urethra?

A

Fibromuscular

34
Q

What are the three sections of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra

35
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the prostatic urethra in males?

A

Urothelium

36
Q

The male urethra is a structure in what two body systems?

A

Urinary and reproductive

37
Q

The membranous urethra passes through what structure?

A

External urethral sphincter

38
Q

What makes up the external urethral sphincter?

A

Voluntary striated muscle

39
Q

The prostatic urethra passes through what structure?

A

Prostate

40
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the membranous urethra?

A

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

41
Q

What is another name for the spongy urethra?

A

Penile urethra

42
Q

What surrounds the spongy urethra?

A

Erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)

43
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the spongy urethra?

A

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar and then stratified squamous distally

44
Q

The female urethra is a structure in which body systems?

A

ONLY urinary system

45
Q

Which gender has a shorter urethra?

A

Females

46
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the female urethra?

A

Urothelium, stratified columnar/pseudostratified columnar (middle), and stratified squamous distally

47
Q

What surrounds the middle portion of the female urethra?

A

External urethral sphincter

48
Q

What are the females glands within the urethral wall?

A

Proximal urethral glands, paraurethral glands

49
Q

Which females glands in the urethra lead to the lumen and are small and numerous?

A

Proximal urethral glands

50
Q

What is the function of the paraurethral glands of the female urethra?

A

Secrete alkaline fluid to paraurethral ducts into the sides of external urethral orifice

OrganHisto Exam Two (5 decks)

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