Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

Question 1

What are the general functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Regulate water and electrolyte balance
Excretion of nitrogenous wastes and some extra water and electrolytes
Excretion of other materials like drugs
Secrete renin

Question 2

What are the organs of the urinary system?

Answer 2

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra

Question 3

What is the function of the ureter?

Answer 3

Transport urine to urinary bladder

Question 4

What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the luminal wall of the ureter?

Answer 4

Urothelium

Question 5

What are the three layers of the mucosa in the ureter?

Answer 5

Bottom basal layer, intermediate cell layer, top layer of large umbrella cells

Question 6

What is the shape of the intermediate cells of the ureter mucosa?

Answer 6

More columnar-like and taller

Question 7

What is a unique aspect of the structure of the umbrella cells in the ureter mucosa?

Answer 7

Can be bi-nucleate

Question 8

What is the purpose of the free-edge plasma membrane of the superficial layer of the ureter mucosa?

Answer 8

Can fold at thinner areas

Question 9

What is the function of the plaque seen in the superficial layer of the ureter mucosa?

Answer 9

Protect cells and tissue beneath

Block water passage

Question 10

In what location are placque and umbrella cells more developed?

Answer 10

Urinary bladder

Question 11

What makes up the lamina propria of the ureter?

Answer 11

Rather dense irregular connective tissue

Question 12

What makes up the muscularis externa of the ureter?

Answer 12

Smooth muscle mixed with connective tissue

Question 13

What is the muscular pattern of the muscularis externa of the ureter?

Answer 13

Reversed pattern: inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer

Question 14

How do the muscles layers of the ureter change at the distal end?

Answer 14

3 total layers: inner and outer longitudinal layers and middle circular layer

Question 15

What action helps move the urine in the muscularis externa of the urine?

Answer 15

Peristaltic contraction

Question 16

What makes up the adventitia of the ureter?

Answer 16

Adipose, blood vessels, and nerves

Question 17

Why does the ureter connect the urinary bladder at an angle?

Answer 17

To form a valve

Question 18

When do the entrances to the ureters close?

Answer 18

As bladder fills

Question 19

What is the function of the valve in the ureter?

Answer 19

Prevents backflow to stop spread of infection to kidneys

Question 20

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 20

Storage of urine

Question 21

What is the epithelium seen in the mucosa of the bladder?

Answer 21

Transitional epithelium

Question 22

What is the function of the mucosa of the bladder?

Answer 22

Stretch and protect from hypertonic and toxic urine

Question 23

Why is plaque well developed in the mucosa of the bladder?

Answer 23

Enables folding at thinner areas when bladder collapses

Question 24

What makes up the lamina propria of the bladder?

Answer 24

Rather dense irregular connective tissue

Question 25

What is the specific name for the muscularis externa of the bladder?

Answer 25

Detrusor muscle

Question 26

What is the muscle layout of the muscularis externa of the bladder?

Answer 26

Inner and outer longitudinal layers and middle circular layer

Question 27

What is the circle of muscle around the urethral opening into the urinary bladder?

Answer 27

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 28

What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 28

Involuntary smooth muscle

Question 29

What supplies the blood vessels of the urinary bladder?

Answer 29

Sympathetics

Question 30

What supplies the muscularis externa and adventitia of the urinary bladder?

Answer 30

Parasympathetics from S2-S4 splanchnic nerves

Question 31

Where is the sensory nerve supply seen involving the bladder

Answer 31

Seen from the urinary bladder to the sacral spinal cord

Question 32

What is the function of the parasympathetic and sensory innervation of the urinary bladder?

Answer 32

Afferent fibers for the micturition reflex

Question 33

What kind of tube is the urethra?

Answer 33

Fibromuscular

Question 34

What are the three sections of the male urethra?

Answer 34

Prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra

Question 35

What is the surface epithelium of the prostatic urethra in males?

Answer 35

Urothelium

Question 36

The male urethra is a structure in what two body systems?

Answer 36

Urinary and reproductive

Question 37

The membranous urethra passes through what structure?

Answer 37

External urethral sphincter

Question 38

What makes up the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 38

Voluntary striated muscle

Question 39

The prostatic urethra passes through what structure?

Answer 39

Prostate

Question 40

What is the surface epithelium of the membranous urethra?

Answer 40

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 41

What is another name for the spongy urethra?

Answer 41

Penile urethra

Question 42

What surrounds the spongy urethra?

Answer 42

Erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)

Question 43

What is the surface epithelium of the spongy urethra?

Answer 43

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar and then stratified squamous distally

Question 44

The female urethra is a structure in which body systems?

Answer 44

ONLY urinary system

Question 45

Which gender has a shorter urethra?

Answer 45

Females

Question 46

What is the surface epithelium of the female urethra?

Answer 46

Urothelium, stratified columnar/pseudostratified columnar (middle), and stratified squamous distally

Question 47

What surrounds the middle portion of the female urethra?

Answer 47

External urethral sphincter

Question 48

What are the females glands within the urethral wall?

Answer 48

Proximal urethral glands, paraurethral glands

Question 49

Which females glands in the urethra lead to the lumen and are small and numerous?

Answer 49

Proximal urethral glands

Question 50

What is the function of the paraurethral glands of the female urethra?

Answer 50

Secrete alkaline fluid to paraurethral ducts into the sides of external urethral orifice