Urbanisation and Industrialisation

Question 1

modernisation theory - urbanisation is key to development

Answer 1

the growth of cities symbolises the triumph of western models of development and western ideals - it rejects traditional goals and replaces them with notions of meritocracy, activism, and individualism

(-) ethnocentric - based on western cities, western capitalism and western ideals

Question 2

what is the dual economy theory

Answer 2

urbanisation leads to two types of society in one country: rural and urban

rural = localised and focused on maintaining itself

urban = international and focused on economic growth and development

shows that the needs of those in a country may be very different depending on the society

Question 3

Dependency theory - urbanisation causes more problems

Answer 3

• urbanisation in LEDC’s doesn’t show success stories of meritocracy etc it just shows the difference between ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ as colonialism meant that only certain parts were designed to house the colonial elite and only these cities are similar to the modernisation theory’s model
• causes more problems e.g inequality, bad public health: developing countries don’t have correct infrastructure to deal with urban cities
  (-) ignores where it causes economic benefit

Question 4

Over-urbanisation can happen when too many people move to cities due to industrialisation so that living standards are low because there isn’t enough housing for everyone etc

Answer 4

Push factors which cause over-urbanisation: poverty and loss of land, war = people leave the countryside

Pull factors: more chance of employment, opportunities, better access to education = people move to city