Urbanisation Flashcards
Where in the world is urbanisation happening most quickly? (4)
Tokyo, New York, Mumbai
Case study = Manila
What issues has rapid population growth caused in Manila (SDGs)?
Poor education
Poor sanitation
Poverty
How have overcrowded cemeteries become an issue in Manila due to rapid population growth?
People have to rent coffins for dead relatives and when they can no longer afford it, the bodies are replaced.
How have shantytowns and spread of illnesses become an issue in Manila due to rapid population growth?
The shantytowns are overpopulated and there is little sanitation.
Households live very close together.
Why do people move to cities?
2
Better access to public services ie schools and better prospects for recreation.
Economic incentives.
The World Bank said, in developing countries, the rural-urban wage gap is significantly different.
Who migrates to cities?
3
People between 15-30 (most 15-24) - most lifetime income gains are largest for younger people.
More educated people.
People with friends and family in the cities.
What are the benefits of urbanisation?
2
Improves the economy.
Big differentiated labour markets help accelerate the pace of technological innovation.
What are the costs of urbanisation?
4
Over-urbanisation worsens economy as cities grow too big.
Growth of slums.
Air pollution & crime etc increase with city size.
Concentration of people raises travel costs - wastes scarce resources like time & fuel & services deteriorate due to pressure.
How much of developing countries’ populations live in shantytowns/slums?
1/3
Why do modernisation theorists suggest that urbanisation is essential?
(3)
Cities provide labour force for factories & businesses.
Promotes cultural change as people leave countryside, exposing them to Western values.
Essential for cultural & economic change leading to development.
How does urbanisation taking place in the developing world differ from what happened in the developed world?
(2)
3rd world cities are bigger and fewer - one is dominant with lots of facilities, while others aren’t as big or important.
Urbanisation hasn’t accompanied industrialisation - city dwellers often make a living from informal-sector work rather than being formally employed.
What do dependency theorists argue cities do regarding urbanisation?
Play a key role in keeping countries underdeveloped by soaking up resources in unproductive ways.
What do dependency theorists argue about urbanisation?
(4)
(developed, cities, hierarchy, change)
Colonialism developed developing countries.
Cities established in developing countries under colonial rule used as staging posts in exports.
Social hierarchy developed; colonists & native allies enjoying higher standards of living.
Hasn’t changed under neo-colonialism as colonists were replaced by TNCs.
Why do dependency theorists argue urbanisation is different today?
It is not a response to industrialisation.
What is a push factor?
Give an example.
Things that make people want to leave.
War.
