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AY13 Sociology - Global Development > Modernisation THEORY > Flashcards

Modernisation THEORY Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of theory is modernisation theory?

A

A functionalist theory.

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2
Q

When/where did the theory develop?

A

The cold war (1960s) in capitalist nations

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3
Q

What is required for development according to this theory?

A

Capitalism

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4
Q

What did modernisation theory offer?

A

A way for 3rd world countries to ‘develop’ through investment.

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5
Q

What was modernisation theory’s first big application?

A

The Marshall Plan

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6
Q

When was the Marshall Plan?

A

1947

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7
Q

The Marshall Plan offered _________ countries _____ ($__ billion in total) after _____.

It tied _________ countries to _______, making them ________.

A

a) European
b) loans
c) 13
d) WW2

e) European
f) America
g) dependent

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8
Q

What did the Marshall Plan ensure?

A

A captive market for US goods & services as European countries bought US goods using US loans - ‘paying twice’.

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9
Q

How did the GNI of Marshall Plan countries grow?

A

By 25%

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10
Q

What’s containment (MP)?

A

A US plan to contain communism in Europe before the USSR could interfere.

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11
Q

What was the Molotov Plan?

A

Soviet version of Marshall Plan - allowed countries money if they became Soviet, giving up individual freedoms as a nation.

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12
Q

What’s the difference between the Molotov plan and the Marshall Plan?

A

The Marshall Plan didn’t require countries to give up their freedoms.

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13
Q

What is the Rostow model known as?

A

The 5 steps to capitalism

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14
Q

What kind of model is the Rostow model?

A

A staircase model

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15
Q

What did Rostow outline?

A

He told people what to do with their money, describing how capitalism helps countries to develop (pro-capitalist, anti-communist).

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16
Q

What was the model subtitled as?

Who does this reference?

A

The anti-communist manifesto.

Marx and Engels.

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17
Q

What was the aim of the Rostow model?

A

To divert European countries from the USSR in the cold war.

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18
Q

What did Rostow describe communism as?

A

A ‘kind of disease’

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19
Q

What are criticisms of Rostow?

A

It is zenophobic towards Russians and ethnocentric.

20
Q

What were the 5 steps of the Rostow model?

A

1) 1950s ‘Traditional stage’
2) 1960s ‘Transitional stage’
3) 1970s/80s ‘Take off’
4) 1990s ‘Drive to maturity’
5) 2000s ‘High mass consumption’

21
Q

Where would the changes of the Rostow model take place?

6

A

1) Technological
2) Agricultural
3) Industrial
4) Geographical
5) Politcal
6) Social & cultural

22
Q

How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the TECHNOLOGICAL sector?

A

From traditional equipment to scientific machines

23
Q

How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the AGRICULTURAL sector?

A

From subsitence farming towards commerical mass production

24
Q

How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the INDUSTRIAL sector?

A

From humans/animals towards new machinery

25
Q

How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the GEOGRAPHICAL sector?

A

From farms/villages to towns/cities

26
Q

How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the POLITICAL sector?

A

From ascribed satus (kings/emperors) towards liberal democracy.

27
Q

What is liberal democracy?

A

A competitive democracy

28
Q

How would changes of the Rostow model take place in the SOCIAL and CULTURAL sector?

What does that result in?

A

From kinship groups to nuclear families & from instant reward to deferred gratification.

Results in increased competition as you have smaller families & less ties.

29
Q

Who is modernisation theory approved by?

A

Functionalists, new right and economic liberals

30
Q

What characterises economic liberals, who approve of modernisation theory?

A

Belief in laissez-faire as meritocracy allows the govt to step back & let the market forces do the development.

31
Q

Who is modernisation theory criticised by?

A

Marxists, neo-marxists, socialists and interventionist economists.

32
Q

What characterises interventionist economists, who criticise modernisation theory?

A

They believe in state involvement to ensure equality.

33
Q

PARSONS

What kind of sociologist was Parsons?

A

A structural functionalist

34
Q

PARSONS

What did Parsons believe about development?

A

It was a form of evolution. As society gets ‘better’ or ‘more advanced’, it would naturally become more capitalist, functionalist and like the USA.

35
Q

PARSONS

What barriers to development did Parsons list that he believed should be destroyed?

(5)

A 
Traditional values & attitudes
High birth rates
Lack of meritocratic drive
Lack of individual desire to compete
Lack of modern technology
36
Q

ROSTOW

What did Rostow believe about economic development?

A

It was the most important part of modernisation.

37
Q

ROSTOW

What did Rostow believe was the most important part of modernisation?

A

Economic developement

38
Q

ROSTOW

How long did Rostow estimate for his model to take?

A

60 years

39
Q

ROSTOW

Why did Rostow want to use US loans?

A

As a way to influence other states

40
Q

ROSTOW

How did Rostow want to influence other states?

A

By using US loans

41
Q

ROSTOW

What is a criticism of Rostow?

A

His ideas are a form of imperialism & attempt to establish a new hegemony of capitalism similar to feudal systems.

42
Q

HOSELITZ (1952)

What did Hoselitz say that modernising social systems meant?

A

People had to accept new patterns of work

43
Q

HOSELITZ (1952)

How did Hoselitz suggest Western ideas could be spread?

A

Through education & mass media.

44
Q

HOSELITZ (1952)

What did Hoselitz say education and mass media is useful for?

A

Spreading Western ideas

45
Q

HOSELITZ (1952)

What did Hoselitz say cities could act as?
What is this a typical pattern of?

A

Centres of Western values, spreading them to rural areas.

Empire building

46
Q

HOSELITZ (1952)

What did Hoselitz say should be used as a centre of Western values to spread to rural areas?

A

Cities

AY13 Sociology - Global Development (28 decks)

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