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AY13 Sociology - Global Development > Aid - ECONOMIC INTERACTION > Flashcards

Aid - ECONOMIC INTERACTION Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is humanitarian aid?

A

Aid for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disasters and man-made disasters.

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2
Q

What is bilateral aid?

A

Aid given from one government directly to another.

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3
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

International organisations like the World Bank, UN and IMF providing aid to LEDC nations.

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4
Q

What is tied aid?

A

Foreign aid that must be spent in the donor country or a group of selected countries.

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5
Q

According to the case study ‘Dead Aid’, what is wrong about aid?

(4)

A

Govts have to be accountable for their people.
Society’s shouldn’t be reliant on Western ‘saviours’.
No long-term economic growth.
More people will continue to live in poverty.

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6
Q

Debt debt and aid cycle:

  1. ___/_______ give _________ to build _____.
  2. _____ don’t _____ it _____.
  3. _________/____/etc are imposed.
  4. ____ is given to allow ________ using ________.
  5. ____ get _____; no ‘_________’ effect.
A

a) IMF/World Bank, investment, trade
b) LEDCs, spend, well
c) trade sanctions/war
d) aid, debt payment, MEDC taxes
e) rich, richer, ‘trickle-down’

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7
Q

TRADE OR AID?

What can both trade and aid be said to do?
What is this an example of?

A

Increase dependency & ‘kick away the ladder’ from countries wanting to develop.

Marxist - money used for control (imperialism/neo-colonialism) but Neo-liberals agree (eg. Bauer, 1995) - they don’t money to be wasted with no return.

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8
Q

TRADE OR AID?

Who outlines why aid doesn’t help development.

A

Socialist theorists like Samura (2008).

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9
Q

TRADE OR AID?

According to Samura, what do undemocratic or corrupt governments do with aid?

A

Waste it through inefficiencies or theft.

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10
Q

TRADE OR AID?

What does Samura say aid is used for?

A

Armed forces, as recipients are usually in politically unstable regions.

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11
Q

TRADE OR AID?

What does Samura say aid projects often do?

A

Damage the environment to make money, so aid is a false economy for MEDC’s.

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12
Q

TRADE OR AID?

According to Samura, what do rich foreign ‘experts’ do?

A

Decide where money goes, without ever visiting or undertsanding the needs ‘on the ground’.

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13
Q

TRADE OR AID?

According to Samura, where do projects send aid?

A

To places where they’ll be abused, eg war zones and to dictorships.

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14
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana is Corrupt:

What did a survey find about the Ghanian police?

A

They are among the least trusted and most corrput of government institutions.

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15
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana is Corrupt:

What is their legal system compromised by?

A

A lack of resources

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16
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana is Corrupt:

What do we know about Ghana’s prison inmates?

A

20% have never been tried.

17
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana is Corrupt:

What has Transparency International concluded?

A

Ghana is the 13th most corrupt country in the world.

18
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Efforts to help have Failed:

A W____ B____ effort between 19__ and 19__ to improve the ________ of Ghana’s Ministry of _______ and ________ Planning to control _________ failed and didn’t provide _________ development.

A

a) World Bank
b) 1987 and 1993
c) capacity
d) Finance
e) Economic
f) expenditures
g) long-term

19
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Efforts to help have Failed:

A $___ million effort to help Ghana in the _____s was ________ with nearly all ________ expenditures being _________ for.

A

a) $31 million
b) 2000s
c) unsuccessful
d) government
e) unaccounted

20
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

How has per capita income changed in Ghana?

A

It hasn’t - stayed at less than $400.

21
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

What does agriculture have the ability to do in Ghana?
How many people does it employ?

A

Make the country wealthy

2/3 of the labourforce

22
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

How much of the poor people in Ghana live in rural areas?

A

80%

23
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

What do Ghanian civil servants think about being posted in rural areas?

A

Considered to be a hardship

24
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

What are the infant and child mortality rates in the rural areas of Ghana?

A

Infant - 30% higher than urban areas.

Child - 20% higher than urban areas.

25
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

What percent of Ghana’s rural population has access to safe water?

A

20%

26
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Individuals are Suffering:

Why are rural women in Ghana difficult to help?

A

They have limited access to things such as education, land and technology.

27
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Barriers to Rural Development:

What happens to nearly 90% of Ghana’s agricultural produce?

A

It’s sold raw with nearly no value added.

28
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Barriers to Rural Development:

What causes Ghana’s government’s inability to expand agricultural productivity?

A

Bottlenecks to rural development.

29
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Barriers to Rural Development:

What is often unavailable in Ghana?

A

Simple equipment for processing crops.

30
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Barriers to Rural Development:

How high do post harvest losses run in some areas?

A

Nearly 30%

31
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Barriers to Rural Development:

Why is there little incentive for land improvement and credit provision?

A

No individual ownership of land

32
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana’s a Centralised Economy:

What is a district assembly?

A

Essentially what we know as county councils.

33
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana’s a Centralised Economy:

How much of district assembly revenue comes form Ghana’s government?

A

Very little

34
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana’s a Centralised Economy:

What do we know about Ghana’s district assemblies staff?

A

They are incapable of financial planning and budgeting and staff sent by the central government are inadequate and unqualified.

35
Q

WHY IS AID BAD?
Ghana’s a Centralised Economy:

What are district assemblies reliant on in Ghana?
What does this mean?

A

Central government funds

Projects often have to be suspended.

AY13 Sociology - Global Development (28 decks)

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