Urbanisation

Question 1

Urban Environments

Define Urbanisation

Answer 1

An area increase in the amount of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

Question 2

Urban Environments

Define Suburbanisation

Answer 2

It is when more people in a country move to live in towns and cities

Question 3

Urban Environments

Define Counter Urbanisation

Answer 3

Is when people move from cities to the countryside

Question 4

Urban Environments

Define Agglomeration

Answer 4

A large Urban Area made up of a central city or town and the surrounding’s built-up areas

Question 5

Urban Environments

Define Rural Dilution

Answer 5

Due to modern transport and communication, urban areas are spreading into rural regions

Question 6

Urban Environments

Definition of a millionaire city

Answer 6

A millionaire city is a city or urban area with a population larger than 1 million.

Question 7

Urban Environments

Define Megacity

Answer 7

A city with over 10 million residents

Question 8

Urban Environments

What causes Urbanisation?

Answer 8

It happens when people from rural areas (The countryside) move to urban areas (Town/cities) This usually happens when a country is still developing

Question 9

Urban Environments

what are Push Factors that lead to urbanisation?

Answer 9

• Economic Pressure: Poor economic conditions
• Disasters and conflicts: Natural disasters that destroy livelihoods, and conflicts and wars force people to leave rural areas

Question 10

Urban Environments

What are the Pull factors that lead to Urbanisation

Answer 10

• Employment opportunities: Availability of jobs industrial, and technology sectors that are found in rural areas
• education: Better educational facilities, wider range.

Question 11

Urban Environments

What are the problems lead to rapid urbanisation and there reasons for it.

Answer 11

CONGESTION: Rapid urbanisation can lead to large-scale congestion of people (and economic activity)

TRANSPORT:
congestion is a problem due to the vast number of cars on the road, and the poor quality/size of roads. Urban traffic congestion varies with the days of the week, time of day, weather, and seasons. Travel more congested

EMPLOYMENT:
Most Migrants are drawn to large cities by the prospect of employment and a better standard of living

CRIME:
IN many large urban areas, crime is a problem. This may be partly related to large-scale unemployment and lack of job opportunities. Crime is often in a high population area.

Question 12

Urban Environments

Define Land use.

Answer 12

The main function for which an area is used, e.g. Residential industrial, commercial

Question 13

Urban Environments

What are the keys for Burgess model? (IN ORDER)

Answer 13

1. CBD (Central Bank Commercial)
2. Inner city
3. Inner Suburbs
4. Outer Suburbs

Question 14

Urban Environments

What is the:
1. CBD (Central Bank Commercial)
2. Inner city
3. Inner Suburbs
4. Outer Suburbs

Answer 14

Central Business District (CBD):
* highest land value
* where people work and do business
* most accessible + most commercial activity
* high rise buildings

Inner City
* zone in transition/light manufacturing
* derelict (poor condition) land
* old industry in shut down
* terraced housing
* declining population with high unemployment
* large areas of redevelopment
* lack of space/densely populated

RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

Inner Suburbs
* housing dates 80-100 years (entering suburbs)
* lower urban density
* community central to city
* residential zone (houses have garages and backyards

Outer Suburbs
* shops of low order (newsagents, small supermarkets)
* low development density
* lack of activity centres
* poor street connections
* modern housing estates
* remote from centre

Question 15

Urban Environments

Suggest some urban challenges developed countries may face.

e.g. London, UK, & Hong Kong, China

Answer 15

• Congestion
• Segregation between ethics and groups
• providing resources (food, clean water, jobs, etc.) To all residents

Question 16

Urban Environments

What are Positive aspects about living in a slum & Negative aspects

e.g. Mumbai & Dharavi

Answer 16

Positive:
- Crime rates are relatively low
- there is a strong sense of kinship and family support
Negative:
- security lacks
- basic service are absent, especially water and sanitation.
- over crowding
- sites are often hazardous
- level of hygiene and sanitation are poor, and diseases are common.

Question 17

Urban Environments

Define informal economy

Answer 17

The unregulated, untaxed ecomomy - sometimes called the ‘Black market’

Question 18

Urban Environments

Define Rural-Urban Fringe.

Answer 18

Is the area at the edge at the edge of a city where it meets the countryside

Question 19

Urban Environments

What are the advantages & disadvantages of (rural-urban fringe) shopping centres

Answer 19

**Advantages:
- Plenty of free parking
- Lots of space so shops are not cramped
- Easily accessible by car
- Disadvantages:
**- They destroy large amounts of undeveloped, valuble habitats
- They lead to pollution and environmental problems at the edge of town
- They only help those with cars

Question 20

Urban Environments

Define Greenfield sites.

Answer 20

Is a site that has not been developed. Most greenfield sites are at the edge of a town

Question 21

Urban Environments

Define Brownfield site.

Answer 21

A site that was once developed but is now abandoned

Question 22

Urban Environments

Evalute the advantages and Disadvantages of greenfield & brownfield sites.

Answer 22

**Greenfield advantages:
**- Cheaper land
- Lanc may be accessible
**Disadvantages:
**- Habitat destruction
- Reduction in biodiversity

**Brownfield advantages:
**- Does not harm the environment
- Creates job locally.

Disadvantages:
- Land may be contaminated
- Wide spread of air and water pollution
- Congestion****

Question 23

Urban Environments

To achieve sustainability, what can you do?

Answer 23

• Reduce the use of fossil fuels, e.g. by promoting public transport
• Use renewable energy
• Provide sufficent green spaces
• Re-use and re claim brownfield land

Question 24

Urban Environments

What is it ment by stakeholder?

Answer 24

Any group or individual who is affected, or can have an affect, or has an interest in development (managing urban areas)