Urbanisation Flashcards
Urban Environments
Define Urbanisation
An area increase in the amount of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas
Urban Environments
Define Suburbanisation
It is when more people in a country move to live in towns and cities
Urban Environments
Define Counter Urbanisation
Is when people move from cities to the countryside
Urban Environments
Define Agglomeration
A large Urban Area made up of a central city or town and the surrounding’s built-up areas
Urban Environments
Define Rural Dilution
Due to modern transport and communication, urban areas are spreading into rural regions
Urban Environments
Definition of a millionaire city
A millionaire city is a city or urban area with a population larger than 1 million.
Urban Environments
Define Megacity
A city with over 10 million residents
Urban Environments
What causes Urbanisation?
It happens when people from rural areas (The countryside) move to urban areas (Town/cities) This usually happens when a country is still developing
Urban Environments
what are Push Factors that lead to urbanisation?
- Economic Pressure: Poor economic conditions
- Disasters and conflicts: Natural disasters that destroy livelihoods, and conflicts and wars force people to leave rural areas
Urban Environments
What are the Pull factors that lead to Urbanisation
- Employment opportunities: Availability of jobs industrial, and technology sectors that are found in rural areas
- education: Better educational facilities, wider range.
Urban Environments
What are the problems lead to rapid urbanisation and there reasons for it.
CONGESTION: Rapid urbanisation can lead to large-scale congestion of people (and economic activity)
TRANSPORT:
congestion is a problem due to the vast number of cars on the road, and the poor quality/size of roads. Urban traffic congestion varies with the days of the week, time of day, weather, and seasons. Travel more congested
EMPLOYMENT:
Most Migrants are drawn to large cities by the prospect of employment and a better standard of living
CRIME:
IN many large urban areas, crime is a problem. This may be partly related to large-scale unemployment and lack of job opportunities. Crime is often in a high population area.
Urban Environments
Define Land use.
The main function for which an area is used, e.g. Residential industrial, commercial
Urban Environments
What are the keys for Burgess model? (IN ORDER)
- CBD (Central Bank Commercial)
- Inner city
- Inner Suburbs
- Outer Suburbs
Urban Environments
What is the:
1. CBD (Central Bank Commercial)
2. Inner city
3. Inner Suburbs
4. Outer Suburbs
Central Business District (CBD):
* highest land value
* where people work and do business
* most accessible + most commercial activity
* high rise buildings
Inner City
* zone in transition/light manufacturing
* derelict (poor condition) land
* old industry in shut down
* terraced housing
* declining population with high unemployment
* large areas of redevelopment
* lack of space/densely populated
RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
Inner Suburbs
* housing dates 80-100 years (entering suburbs)
* lower urban density
* community central to city
* residential zone (houses have garages and backyards
Outer Suburbs
* shops of low order (newsagents, small supermarkets)
* low development density
* lack of activity centres
* poor street connections
* modern housing estates
* remote from centre
Urban Environments
Suggest some urban challenges developed countries may face.
e.g. London, UK, & Hong Kong, China
- Congestion
- Segregation between ethics and groups
- providing resources (food, clean water, jobs, etc.) To all residents
Urban Environments
What are Positive aspects about living in a slum & Negative aspects
e.g. Mumbai & Dharavi
Positive:
- Crime rates are relatively low
- there is a strong sense of kinship and family support
Negative:
- security lacks
- basic service are absent, especially water and sanitation.
- over crowding
- sites are often hazardous
- level of hygiene and sanitation are poor, and diseases are common.
Urban Environments
Define informal economy
The unregulated, untaxed ecomomy - sometimes called the ‘Black market’
Urban Environments
Define Rural-Urban Fringe.
Is the area at the edge at the edge of a city where it meets the countryside
Urban Environments
What are the advantages & disadvantages of (rural-urban fringe) shopping centres
**Advantages:
- Plenty of free parking
- Lots of space so shops are not cramped
- Easily accessible by car
- Disadvantages:
**- They destroy large amounts of undeveloped, valuble habitats
- They lead to pollution and environmental problems at the edge of town
- They only help those with cars
Urban Environments
Define Greenfield sites.
Is a site that has not been developed. Most greenfield sites are at the edge of a town
Urban Environments
Define Brownfield site.
A site that was once developed but is now abandoned
Urban Environments
Evalute the advantages and Disadvantages of greenfield & brownfield sites.
**Greenfield advantages:
**- Cheaper land
- Lanc may be accessible
**Disadvantages:
**- Habitat destruction
- Reduction in biodiversity
**Brownfield advantages:
**- Does not harm the environment
- Creates job locally.
Disadvantages:
- Land may be contaminated
- Wide spread of air and water pollution
- Congestion****
Urban Environments
To achieve sustainability, what can you do?
- Reduce the use of fossil fuels, e.g. by promoting public transport
- Use renewable energy
- Provide sufficent green spaces
- Re-use and re claim brownfield land
Urban Environments
What is it ment by stakeholder?
Any group or individual who is affected, or can have an affect, or has an interest in development (managing urban areas)
