Economic Activity and Energy Flashcards
Economic Activity & Energy
What are the functions for each employment sector?
(Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary)
- Primary: exploits raw material from the land, sea or air. E.g. Farming, mining.
- Secondary: Manufactures Primary materials into finished products.
- Tertiary: The providing of service
- Quaternary: Use of high technology providing information and expertise
Economic Activity & Energy
What are the causes of change over time in each sector?
- People move to urban areas to find jobs in secondary and tertiary
- Technology improvements have led to an increase in tertiary and quaternary employment
Economic Activity & Energy
What are the Physical and Human factors influencing industrial location:
Physical factors:
- Raw material:Industries require raw material to produce goods.
- Land:how much land costs and how much is available.
- Energy:Where the industries get their power supply from.
- Climate:Some industries benefit from a particular climate.
Human Factors:
- Capital:The money that is available to set up and run the economic activity.
-Transport/communication:Accessiblity by road, air and rail imported to money industries.
-Market:How close the industries are to the market.
- Labour:All Industries need workers
-Government Policy:Cheaper rent.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define decentrallisation
The outwards movement of the economic activity from the CBDS and inner cities
Economic Activity & Energy
Define Industrial Zone
An area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development.
Economic Activity & Energy
Evaluate the reasons for change in economic activity.
- Raw Material:May have run out.
- Globalisation:TNC’s have factories and offices in many countries.
- Technology:There are fewer jobs in farming, mining and many factories due to mechanisation.
- Government:Influence industrial location for economic, social and political reasons.
Economic Activity & Energy
Examples of positive and negative impacts of sector change.
E.g. The UK.
Positive:
- Low-cost manufactured goods from China and other emerging countries.
- The UK has become one of the world’s leading exporters of tertiary products, which creates considerable wealth for the country
- Negative:
- High Job losses in traditional secondary industries such as coal, iron and steel.
Economic Activity & Energy
The major re forms introduced in 1978 aimed to:
+ Rapidly develop manufacturing.
+ Extended China’s global trade links.
+ Increase the rate of economic growth.
Economic Activity & Energy
Examples of positive and negative impacts of sectors
Positive:
- Much improved: Health, education.
- More highly developed ‘hard’ infrastructure - roads, railways, airport.
Negative:
- Increasing gap between ‘richer’ urban and poorer rural living standards.
- Very high levels of pollution in large urban - industrial areas.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define primary energy sources.
Fuels that provide energy without undergoing any conversion process.
E.g. Coal, Gas
Economic Activity & Energy
Define secondary energy resource.
Energy sources undergo processing in order to provide energy.
E.g. Petrol
Economic Activity & Energy
Define energy gap.
The difference between energy needed and energy available.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define energy mix.
The group of different primary energy sources from which secondary energy for direct use
Usually electricity is produced.
Economic Activity & Energy
What did Malthus believe in?
The only bad could come from population growth, population grows faster than food supply.
Economic Activity & Energy
What did Boserup believe in?
That food supply would increase to accomidate population growth. When populations found they were approaching shoratges they would identify ways to increase it.
Economic Activity & Energy
What is Non-renewable?
source of energy that are fossil fuels and nuclear fuel. Fossil fuels are the major greenhous gap emissions.
Economic Activity & Energy
What is Renewable energy?
Includes hydroelectricity, biofuels, wind, solar, etc. Hydroelectricity is the one renewable source of energy because water power has been used to generate electricity.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define Nuclear power.
Electricity generated by nuclear reactor. Energy is created by splitting apart the nuclei of atoms.
Economic Activity & Energy
Disadvantage of nuclear power.
- Power plant accidents which could release radiation into air, land and sea.
- The possible increase of certain types of cancer near nuclear plants.
Economic Activity & Energy
Advantages of nuclear power.
- Zero emission of green house gases.
- reduced reliance on imported fossil fuels.
Economic Activity & Energy
Advantages & Disadvantages of solar power
Advantages:
- A complete renewable energy source
- No noise or direct pollution
- very limited maintenance required.
- Disadvantages:
- Inital high cost of solar plants
- solar pannels cannot be harnessed during storms, cloudy days or at night.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define Carbonfoot print
an indicator of how many greenhouse gases their activites produce.
