Economic Activity and Energy Flashcards
Economic Activity & Energy
What are the functions for each employment sector?
(Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary)
- Primary: exploits raw material from the land, sea or air. E.g. Farming, mining.
- Secondary: Manufactures Primary materials into finished products.
- Tertiary: The providing of service
- Quaternary: Use of high technology providing information and expertise
Economic Activity & Energy
What are the causes of change over time in each sector?
- People move to urban areas to find jobs in secondary and tertiary
- Technology improvements have led to an increase in tertiary and quaternary employment
Economic Activity & Energy
What are the Physical and Human factors influencing industrial location:
Physical factors:
- Raw material:Industries require raw material to produce goods.
- Land:how much land costs and how much is available.
- Energy:Where the industries get their power supply from.
- Climate:Some industries benefit from a particular climate.
Human Factors:
- Capital:The money that is available to set up and run the economic activity.
-Transport/communication:Accessiblity by road, air and rail imported to money industries.
-Market:How close the industries are to the market.
- Labour:All Industries need workers
-Government Policy:Cheaper rent.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define decentrallisation
The outwards movement of the economic activity from the CBDS and inner cities
Economic Activity & Energy
Define Industrial Zone
An area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development.
Economic Activity & Energy
Evaluate the reasons for change in economic activity.
- Raw Material:May have run out.
- Globalisation:TNC’s have factories and offices in many countries.
- Technology:There are fewer jobs in farming, mining and many factories due to mechanisation.
- Government:Influence industrial location for economic, social and political reasons.
Economic Activity & Energy
Examples of positive and negative impacts of sector change.
E.g. The UK.
Positive:
- Low-cost manufactured goods from China and other emerging countries.
- The UK has become one of the world’s leading exporters of tertiary products, which creates considerable wealth for the country
- Negative:
- High Job losses in traditional secondary industries such as coal, iron and steel.
Economic Activity & Energy
The major re forms introduced in 1978 aimed to:
+ Rapidly develop manufacturing.
+ Extended China’s global trade links.
+ Increase the rate of economic growth.
Economic Activity & Energy
Examples of positive and negative impacts of sectors
Positive:
- Much improved: Health, education.
- More highly developed ‘hard’ infrastructure - roads, railways, airport.
Negative:
- Increasing gap between ‘richer’ urban and poorer rural living standards.
- Very high levels of pollution in large urban - industrial areas.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define primary energy sources.
Fuels that provide energy without undergoing any conversion process.
E.g. Coal, Gas
Economic Activity & Energy
Define secondary energy resource.
Energy sources undergo processing in order to provide energy.
E.g. Petrol
Economic Activity & Energy
Define energy gap.
The difference between energy needed and energy available.
Economic Activity & Energy
Define energy mix.
The group of different primary energy sources from which secondary energy for direct use
Usually electricity is produced.
Economic Activity & Energy
What did Malthus believe in?
The only bad could come from population growth, population grows faster than food supply.
Economic Activity & Energy
What did Boserup believe in?
That food supply would increase to accomidate population growth. When populations found they were approaching shoratges they would identify ways to increase it.
