Urbanisation

Question 1

How is the population of urban areas changing?

Answer 1

1950: 30% lived in urban areas
2014: 50% lived in urban areas

Question 2

How was the population of urban areas affected by the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 2

Many people moved to cities to work in mills and factories.

Question 3

Give an example of urban population change.

Answer 3

In Beijing China population has increased by 16 million in 45 years.

Question 4

What are the 4 processes that move people into and out of urban areas?

Answer 4

-Urbanisation
-Suburbanisation
-Counter-Urbanisation
-Urban resurgence

Question 5

What is urbanisation?

Answer 5

The growth of people living in urban areas due to migration (rural to urban) for better schools and jobs.
Migrants are usually young.

Question 6

How is urbanisation different in developing countries?

Answer 6

Can result in shanty towns and unplanned illegal settlements made out of any material available.

Question 7

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 7

Migration of people from inner city to the outskirts of the city. As urbanisation increase city centres become crowded so people desire more space and commute to work.

Question 8

How does suburbanisation create a gap between the wealthy and the poor?

Answer 8

Wealthier middle class people can move to the suburbs where there is better quality of life.
Those left behind in city centres are poorer and may include foreign immigrants leading to economic segregation.

Question 9

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 9

The movement of people out of the city into surrounding villages.
Improvements in transport mean people can commute and better communications mean people can work from home.

Question 10

Why do most people leave cities?

Answer 10

-High property prices
-Overcrowding
-Prefer quieter rural areas

Question 11

What can counter-urbanisation lead to?

Answer 11

New housing estates being built in rural areas to accommodate rising numbers. Prices may increase meaning young people cannot afford to live there anymore changing the age structure of the area as young people are less likely to afford it.

Question 12

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 12

The movement of people back to the city centre due to lack of jobs in rural areas or they are attracted by developments.

Question 13

What countries is urban resurgence most likely?

Answer 13

Post-industrial countries like uk and America.

Question 14

How does urban resurgence affect the economy?

Answer 14

New shops and services may open in the city as people move back boosting the local economy and creating jobs.
Original residents may not be able to afford to live in the area anymore.

Question 15

What is a mega city?

Answer 15

An urban area with over 10 million people living there.

Question 16

How have the number of mega cities increased?

Answer 16

1950=2 (Tokyo and New York)
2030= 41 (predicted)

Question 17

What proportion of mega cities are in developing countries?

Answer 17

2/3s

Question 18

Why do mega cities develop?

Answer 18

Rural to urban migration increases and natural increase means cities experience rapid economic and population growth.

Question 19

How do mega cities affect the economy?

Answer 19

They dominate the national economy as companies choose to build their headquarters in cities with high numbers of skilled workers and good communication links.

Question 20

What is the social divide usually like in mega cities?

Answer 20

Often have people living at opposite extremes, some are really rich while others live in extreme poverty.

Question 21

What is a world city?

Answer 21

A city that has political and financial influence over the whole world.

Question 22

Give an example of a world city.

Answer 22

London

Question 23

What is the distribution of world cities?

Answer 23

Most are in developing countries like London but some are in emerging like Dubai.

Question 24

How has the number of world cities increased?

Answer 24

1950= 4
Now = Many oil rich developing nations have become contenders for the world city status.

Question 25

How do world cities affect trade? Give an example.

Answer 25

Dominate international trade.
Tokyo is extremely influential in international trade between East Asian nations due to its good international transport links.

Question 26

How is education affected by world cities?

Answer 26

Generally home to world renowned universities that are centres for science and innovation with high quality research facilities.

Question 27

How do world cities affect culture?

Answer 27

They are centres for culture as they integrate many different cultures with a large range of theatres and museums.

Question 28

Who do world cities attract?

Answer 28

-migrants
-business visitors
-students
-tourists