Case Study: Mumbai

Question 1

Is Mumbai a megacity?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Where is Mumbai located?

Answer 2

West India.

Question 3

How is Mumbai a social and economic centre?

Answer 3

Economic:
India’s financial centre
Hub of industry and services
Social:
Cultural centre home to the Bollywood movie industry.

Question 4

How is Mumbai affected by rural to urban migration?

Answer 4

Increased by 14.8 million in 45 years

Question 5

How much of Mumbais population live in poverty?

Answer 5

50% Live in slums.

Question 6

What fraction of India’s millionaires like in Mumbai?

Answer 6

1/4

Question 7

What is the literacy rate in Mumbais slums?

Answer 7

60%

Question 8

What is the literacy rate in the city as a whole?

Answer 8

90%

Question 9

How does literacy rate vary by gender in Mumbai?

Answer 9

Women have a lower literacy rate than men.

Question 10

How many of slum residents have access to public healthcare?

Answer 10

30%
Outbreaks of disease like malaria are common.

Question 11

How is discrimination an issue in Mumbai?

Answer 11

An influx of African migrants have experienced racial discrimination and are forced to live in slums.

Question 12

What natural hazards is Mumbai at risk to?

Answer 12

-Flooding
-Tectonic hazards

Question 13

How is Mumbai at risk of flooding?

Answer 13

It has a monsoon climate so long dry seasons are followed by periods of intense rainfall.
5 rivers flow through Mumbai so many slums are built on flood plains.

Question 14

How has flooding affected Mumbai?

Answer 14

2005: a flood killed 400 people and left thousands homeless.
Sewage system lane causing water contamination and cholera spread.

Question 15

How is Mumbai vulnerable to tectonic hazards?

Answer 15

Located on a plate boundary so at risk from earthquakes and low lying soo tsunamis could cause extensive damage.

Question 16

How is the water pollution in Mumbai unsustainable?

Answer 16

Slums in Mumbai lack sanitation causing water pollution contributing to the spread of illnesses.

Question 17

Why is Mumbais water supply unsustainable?

Answer 17

Water supply is dependent on monsoon rains and is rationed in dry season but population is growing so the demand for water is growing making it unsustainable in the long term.

Question 18

How has economic growth affected pollution?

Answer 18

Construction of many more factories and increased car ownership adding to air pollution and Mumbai regularly suffers from acid rain.

Question 19

How is waste management unsustainable in Mumbai?

Answer 19

The increasing population produces more waste. Most of the waste is incinerated adding to air pollution.

Question 20

How has air pollution impacted Mumbai?

Answer 20

25% of deaths between 2008 and 2010 were caused by respiratory problems.

Question 21

How does HIV and AIDS affect Mumbai?

Answer 21

Rates are increasing and patients receive discrimination.

Question 22

Give an example of a redevelopment project in Mumbai.

Answer 22

2004:
Government cleared Dharavi slum to create new independent township by building new apartments with a water and sewage system.
However residents are worried that the redevelopment will destroy the community spirit of the area.

Question 23

How have local authorities increased water security in Mumbai?
Has this been effective?

Answer 23

Made rainwater harvesting systems that are compulsory on all new residential buildings.
Only half of new buildings have actually done this though.

Question 24

How have Mumbai improved their public transport?

Answer 24

To improve air quality, the world bank funded $1 billion dollars to upgrade roads and purchase fuel efficient buses.

Question 25

What campaign aimed to clean up Mumbai?
What did they do?

Answer 25

Clean up Mumbai campaign.
Cleared litter and educated residents on how to recycle and dispose of waste environmentally.

Question 26

How have organisations attempting to reduced HIV and AIDS in Mumbai?

Answer 26

Condom Promotion campaigns.