Urban Issues

Question 1

What is economic inequality?

Answer 1

The unequal distribution of money across a population.

Question 2

Why are economic inequalities higher in the developing world?

Answer 2

Many developing countries lack the resources to support the poorest citizens where as developed countries have welfare states that provide basic services and income for people struggling financially.

Question 3

What issues can economic inequality cause?

Answer 3

-Political and social unrest
-Rise in crime
-Health problems

Question 4

What is cultural diversity?

Answer 4

When cities have a wide range of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

Question 5

What are the benefits of cultural diversity in a city?

Answer 5

-Enrich city’s character
-Increase tolerance
-Cultural events attract tourists boosting city’s economy.

Question 6

What are the issues of cultural diversity?

Answer 6

-Tensions between different groups sometimes lead to violence.
-Increased pressure on services. Eg: schools having to provide for children who can’t speak the native language.
-Minority communities can feel isolated and under represented politically.

Question 7

What is social segregation?

Answer 7

When different groups are separated from each other and concentrate in a certain area in the city.

Question 8

How can social segregation be voluntary?

Answer 8

Followers of a particular religion may choose to settle close to their place of worship or near family that has already settled.

Question 9

How can social segregation be forced?

Answer 9

If social groups are met with hate they may be forced to settle on the outskirts of the city for their own safety.

Question 10

What issues does social segregation cause?

Answer 10

-Lack of integration can cause prejudice and discrimination
-Some areas may have less access to education and jobs widening inequalities.
-Segregation can lead to anxiety.
-Poorer areas may lack access to facilities like clean water and electricity affecting health and well-being.

Question 11

What are the 5 strategies to reduce poverty and economic inequalities in urban areas?

Answer 11

-Improving transport so poor can access jobs.
-Constructing affordable housing
-Introducing minimum wages
-Subsidies for new companies to increase local employment.
-(Developing countries) upgrading programmes to increase the quality of informal housing.

Question 12

What are the 4 strategies to encourage social and cultural integration?

Answer 12

-Governments encourage political participation by encouraging minority groups to vote.
-Pass laws to prevent discrimination.
-New developments can integrate luxury housing and affordable housing.
-communities can ease racial tensions using social projects.

Question 13

What is the example of urban issues in a developed country?

Answer 13

London

Question 14

What is the gap between average income in different areas of London?

Answer 14

Chelsea= £130,000
Newham= £35,000

Question 15

How many people live in poverty in London?

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

Give an example of gentrification in London.

Answer 16

Many inner cities have been gentrified. For example, Nottinghill.
However the original residents have been forced out.

Question 17

What is the cultural diversity of London?

Answer 17

50% is not white British people.

Question 18

Give statistics to prove there is ethnic segregation in London.

Answer 18

Brent: 60% not white British.
Havering: 16% not white British.

Question 19

Is hate crime an issue in London?

Answer 19

Yes
2022: 150,000 hate crime incidents.

Question 20

What are the strategies to tackle social and economic issues in London?

Answer 20

-London living wage increased to £9.75 an hour.
-London mayor plans to build more affordable homes in London.
-Police are working to tackle hate crimes by increasing support for victims.
-Charities are offering English classes for immigrants to increase integration.

Question 21

What is the example for urban issues in a developing country?

Answer 21

Sao Paolo

Question 22

What is the economic inequality in Sao Paolo?

Answer 22

High:
Richest 10% make 40x more than the poorest 10%.

Question 23

Where do the poorest live in Sao Paolo and what are the conditions like?

Answer 23

Poorest residents (80,000) live in slums where there are high crime rates, poor sanitation and outbreaks of cholera.
There is a lack of job opportunities and education.

Question 24

What do the richest live in Sao Paolo and what are the conditions like?

Answer 24

Live in the south west (Vila Nova) which has more green space, better healthcare and housing.
Mainly white immigrants.

Question 25

What are the strategies to tackle social and economic issues in Sao Paolo?

Answer 25

-2016 minimum wage increased by 12%.
-2001: New law that recognised favelas (slums) as legitimate residential areas which increased investment into sanitation and housing improvement.
-10,000 new homes currently being built to replace favelas in high-risk areas.