Urbanisation Flashcards
Urban growth
The expansions of a cities to cover greater area to accommodate for the increasing population
Urbanisation
An increasing proportion of the population living in cities
Push factors
Famine, drought, natural disasters,
poor living conditions, housing, education and healthcare
Agricultural change (machines)
Unemployment
War and conflict
Pull factors
Employment
Higher incomes
Better education and healthcare
Urban facilities and way of life
Protection from conflict
Rural to urban migration
The movement of people from countryside to cities
How many people lived in Mumbai in 2022
21 million population density of 43,000 per square kilometre
How many people is Dharavi home to
1 million
How many small factories and sweatshops are there in Dharavi
20,000
Why are sweatshops a problem
employ children, low wages, buildings do not meet regulation, 1 bathroom for 20 families
What is the sewage problem in Mumbai
800 million litres of sewage goes into the Mithi river causing diseases like typhoid and salmonella
What is the train congestion problem
10 people die every day as the people travel by train to avoid congestion and because cars are expensive, trains are busy, people get electrocuted on power cables, fall out of carriages and cross the tracks at the wrong time
What was vision Mumbai
2004 plan made to replace the squatter settlement with high rise flats, only 350 residents moved
How to improve squatter settlements
low cost - rebuild with breeze blocks as they are cheap, fast and easy, connect houses to electricity and sewage, people often have employment so are able to pay low rent
Self-help schemes - local authority provides residents with construction materials while residents provide labour, can be done in stages and improve community spirit
Problems in squatter settlements
Housing - houses are made from wood and corrugated iron
Education - not many schools, many children have left school for employment by 6
Transport - dirt tracks get blocked with rubbish, little public transport
What is urban sprawl
the rapid expansion of cities into countryside to accommodate for growing population
How did Glasgow combat overcrowding and substandard housing
new towns like East Kilburn (town) and castlemilk (council estate) built from 1960s onward
How has Urban sprawl effected towns
Small villages like Clarkstone have been engulfed by Glasgow as it grew, farming villages like eaglesham have turned into commuter settlements
How urban sprawl effects the environment
Threatens greenbelts causing decrease in farmland and wildlife habitats
What is Masdar city in Abu Dhabi doing to be sustainable
solar panels of rooves create energy to power the city reducing its carbon emissions by 7350 tonnes a year
reducing waste to near zero by changing habits and controlling what materials enter the city
Streets are designed to capture prevailing winds to reduce heat decreasing the demand for air conditioning by 55% building energy consumption is on average 40% less
Residents are educated 5 hours a year on susatinability
What are the issues in Masdar city
slow growth, aimed for population of 50,000 and commuters 40,000 by 2015 in 2017 there were only 1,000 residents
Construction industry is unsustainable because of carbon emissions and water usage
cost $22 billion to build
Solar energy alone is not sufficient so relies on energy from power stations elsewhere
