URBAN & RURAL LIFE

Question 1

land mass n /ˈlænd mæs/

Answer 1

land mass n /ˈlænd mæs/

• a large area of land that is in one piece
• In Cornwall, just 3.5% of the landmass is considered urban.

Question 2

affluent adj /ˈæfluənt/

Answer 2

affluent adj /ˈæfluənt/

• wealthy, can refer either to a place or a person
• This has become a very affluent neighbourhood in recent years.

Question 3

gentrification n /ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

Answer 3

gentrification n /ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

• the process of improving an area of a city so that it goes from being a poor area to a richer one
• Gentrification often results in the displacement of low-income residents.

Question 4

congestion n /kənˈdʒestʃən/

Answer 4

congestion n /kənˈdʒestʃən/

• the state of being full of traffic
• One of the reasons that I want to leave the city is the atrocious congestion.

Question 5

rural flight n /ˈrʊərəl flaɪt/

Answer 5

rural flight n /ˈrʊərəl flaɪt/

• the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, typically in search of better economic opportunities
• Rural flight is a major concern due to the decline in job prospects.

Question 6

Metropolitan area

Answer 6

Metropolitan area (noun): A large city and its surrounding suburbs.

Example: Living in a metropolitan area offers diverse cultural experiences.

Question 7

Countryside

Answer 7

Countryside (noun): Rural areas away from towns and cities.

Example: The countryside is known for its peaceful atmosphere.

Question 8

Urbanization

Answer 8

Urbanization (noun): The process of making an area more urban.

Example: Rapid urbanization has led to increased pollution levels.

Question 9

Rural

Answer 9

Rural (adjective): Relating to the countryside.

Example: She enjoys the rural lifestyle for its tranquility.

Question 10

Cityscape

Answer 10

(noun): The visual appearance of a city.

Example: The cityscape of New York includes iconic skyscrapers.

Question 11

Village

Answer 11

Village (noun): A small community in a rural area.

Example: The village is known for its close-knit community.

Question 12

Suburban

Answer 12

Suburban (adjective): Relating to the outskirts of a city.

Example: Suburban neighbourhoods often offer more space than urban areas.

Question 13

Metropolis

Answer 13

Metropolis (noun): A very large and densely populated city.

Example: Tokyo is a bustling metropolis known for its innovation.

Question 14

Rural development

Answer 14

Rural development (noun phrase): Efforts to improve living conditions and infrastructure in rural areas.

Example: Government initiatives aim to boost rural development through better healthcare and education.

Question 15

Urban sprawl

Answer 15

Urban sprawl (noun phrase): The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.

Example: Urban sprawl has led to environmental concerns in many regions.

Question 16

Rural retreat

Answer 16

Rural retreat (noun phrase): A place in the countryside where one can relax and escape urban life.

Example: Their cottage serves as a perfect rural retreat during weekends.

Question 17

Countryside living

Answer 17

Countryside living (noun phrase): The lifestyle associated with living in rural areas.

Example: They moved to the countryside for a quieter countryside living.

Question 18

Urban environment

Answer 18

Urban environment (noun phrase): The surroundings and conditions of a city or town.

Example: Urban environments can be stressful due to noise and congestion.

Question 19

Rural community

Answer 19

Rural community (noun phrase): A group of people living in a rural area, often characterized by close relationships and mutual support.

Example: The rural community rallied together to rebuild after the storm.

Question 20

Urban culture

Answer 20

Urban culture (noun phrase): The customs, arts, and social behaviors typical of city life.

Example: Urban culture is influenced by diversity and rapid change.

Question 21

Rural migration

Answer 21

Rural migration (noun phrase): The movement of people from rural to urban areas.

Example: Rural migration has increased as people seek better job opportunities.

Question 22

City dwellers

Answer 22

City dwellers (noun): People who live in a city.

Example: City dwellers often face higher living costs compared to rural residents.

Question 23

Urban congestion

Answer 23

Urban congestion (noun phrase): Traffic jams and overcrowding typical in cities.

Example: Urban congestion can significantly increase commuting times.

Question 24

Rural tradition

Answer 24

Rural tradition (noun phrase): Customs and practices passed down through generations in rural areas.

Example: Harvest festivals are part of the rural tradition in many agricultural communities.

Question 25

City infrastructure

Answer 25

City infrastructure (noun phrase): The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a city.

Example: Improving city infrastructure includes upgrading roads and public transport.

Question 26

Urban lifestyle

Answer 26

Urban lifestyle (noun phrase): The way of life characteristic of living in a city.

Example: The urban lifestyle is fast-paced and dynamic.

Question 27

Rural area

Answer 27

Rural area (noun phrase): A thinly populated area away from large towns and cities.

Example: They live in a picturesque rural area surrounded by farmland.

Question 28

Urban decay

Answer 28

Urban decay (noun phrase): The decline of an urban area often due to economic changes and neglect.

Example: Urban decay can lead to social issues like crime and unemployment.

Question 29

Rural infrastructure

Answer 29

Rural infrastructure (noun phrase): The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of rural areas.

Example: Improving rural infrastructure includes better roads and access to healthcare.

Question 30

skyscrapers

Answer 30

skyscrapers : a very tall modern building, usually in a city

Question 31

close-knit

Answer 31

close-knit .adjective:

• If a group of people are close-knit, they all help and support each other
• a close-knit family/community

Question 32

population

Answer 32

population (Noun)

all the people living in a particular country, area, or place.

Ten percent of the population lived in poverty.