urban- rio Flashcards
urbanisation
the proportion of the world’s population who live in cities. It is growing because of natural increase and migration
megacities
cities with a pop. over 10 million
slow growing- no squatter settlements
growing- under 20% squatter settlements
rapid growing- over 20% squatter settlements
rural to urban migration
push
- farming is hard and poorly paid
- farming is often subsistence- nothing to sell
- rural areas are isolated with a few services
pull
- higher standard of living
- better medical facilities
- better chance of getting an education
where is Rio
Rio de Janeiro is on the South East coast of Brazil, around Guanabara Bay
why is rio an important city
- cultural capital of Brazil
- stunning natural surroundings
- 2016 Olympics, matches in 2014 World cup
- manufacturing/service industries
- ‘Christ the redeemer’- seven wonders of the world
- major regional, national, international industrial centre
- major port
- important international transport hub
what are the social challenges in Rio
Healthcare
- west zone:
- infant mortality rate 21%
- pregnant females getting healthcare 60%
- average life expectancy 45
Education
- half of all children continue education beyond 14
- shortage of schools/teachers
- lack of money so need of teenagers to work for their families
Water supply
- 12% of Rio have no running water
- 37% is lost through leaks/illegal access
- droughts make water expensive
energy
- frequent power cuts/blackouts
- poor people get electricity b illegally tapping into the main supply
how do solutions to social challenges create opportunities
Health care
- medical staff treat 20 diff. diseases in homes
Education
- authorities have given grants to poor families and opened private uni in Rochina favela
Water supply
- 300km new pipes, 7 treatment plants built
- 95% of pop had mains water by 2014
energy
- 60km of power lines built
- nuclear generator built
economic challenges in rio
unemployment
- unemployment rates in favelas are 20%
-most people work in the informal economy - paid poorly and irregular
crime
- murder, kidnapping, armed assult
- powerful gangs control drug trafficking in favelas
solutions to economic challenges in rio
unemployment
- schools of tomorrow programme aims to improve education in poor/violent areas
- free child care is provided to enable teenage parents to return to education
crime
- pacifying police unit were established
- police have taken control of some crime-dominated favelas
environmental challenges in Rio
air pollution/ traffic congestion
- 5000 deaths due to air pollution a year
- congestion happs because steep mountains limit where cars can go, cars have increased, high crime level means people prefer to drive
water pollution
- Guanabara bay is highly polluted
- rivers pollutes by open sewers in favelas
- oil spills
-ships empty fuel tanks in bay
waste pollution
- favelas are on steep slopes with few proper roads so collection is difficult. most water is dumped and pollutes the water system, causing diseases and rats
solutions to environmental challenges in rio
air pollution and traffic congestion
- expansion of metro system
-new toll roads
- making coast roads one way during rush hours
water pollution
- 12 new sewage works built since 2004
- ships are fined for discharging fuel
- 5km sewage pipes installed
waste pollution
- power plant set up which consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day, electricity for 1000 homes
what are the challenges in favelas
crime
- murder rate of 2%
-drug gangs dominate
health
- infant mortality rates as high as 5%
- waste cannot be disposed of so builds up on streets- disease danger
services
- 12% no running water
-30% no electricity
-50% no sewerage connections
construction
- houses built with basic materials on steep slopes
- heavy rain causes landslides
unemployment
- rates as high as 20%
- average income may be less than £75 a month
favela barrio project
site and service scheme
Complexo do Alemao is a group of favelas in Rio’s North. Local authority has:
- paved roads
- access to water supply
- improved sanitation
cable car system- inhabitants given one free return ticket a day
- Pacifying police unit to patrol community
has the favela barrio project been a success or failure?
- Q of L, mobility and employment prospects of inhabitants have improved
- newly built infrastructure is not maintained
- residents lack the skills and resources to make repairs
- more training is needed to improve literacy and employment
how have the 2016 olympics affected the favelas
- some favelas were demolished to make way for developments
- small town of campo grande saw 800 new houses
- for some, the houses are better than the favelas
- campo grande lacks sense of community, has no shops and is a 90 minute drive from city centre
