nigeria Flashcards
how has quality of life improved in Nigeria?
- higher disposable income to spend (e.g. on schooling)
- improvements to infrastructure
- better access to safe water and sanitation
- improved access to a better diet
- better quality healthcare
- reliable electricity supplies
- reliable, better payed jobs in manufacturing or services
example:
nigerias HDI index has increased by 0.04 from 2000 to 2013
effect of economic growth on the environment
industrial growth
- in lagos, industrial pollutants go into water channels
- industry gases cause respiratory problems
-70-80% forests destroyed
urban growth
- waste disposal
- traffic congestion
- abuja- rich vegetation replaced by concrete
commercial farming and deforestation
- water pollution due to chemicals
- soil erosion
- many species have disappeared
mining and oil extraction
- tin mining leads to soil erosion, water supplies polluted
- oil spills cause fires- co2 in atmosphere and acid rain
example
- 11 million gallons of crude oil spilt over a 20km^2 area in the niger delta (2008,09)
shell oil TNC +/-
one of the world’s largest oil companies
extracts oil from niger delta since 1958
+
- major contribution in taxes
- provided direct employment for 65,000 workers
- 250,000 jobs in relation
- oil spills caused water pollution, soil degredation, damaging agriculture and fishing industries
- frequent oil flares send toxic fumes
Where is Nigeria?
West Africa, bordering 4 countries. It extends from the Gulf of Fuinea in the south to the Sahel in the North
what is Nigeria’s global importance?
- it supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil - much of its economic growth is oil revenues
- developed a diverse economy including financial services, telecommunications and media
- 5th largest contributor to the UN global peacekeeping emissions
- in 2014, it was the 21st largest economy in the world and it is still growing
what is Nigeria’s regional importance?
- one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa
- in 2014- Africa’s highest GDP and 3rd largest manufacturing sector
-largest pop. of any country in Africa
-highest farm output in Africa- large proportion of ppl. employed in agriculture- subsistence farmers
Nigeria’s environmental context
South
- high temps, rainfall
- mainly forest but also crops such as cocoa
- hard to keep cattle because of tsetse fly
Central
-Jos Plateu- upland region
-wetter and cooler
desnsely populated with farmland/woodland
-tropical grassland (savanna) used for grazing cattle
-cotton grown
North
-semi-desert
-
Nigeria’s global trading relationships
Total trade- mainly EU, also USA
imports
- mainly China/EU, also USA
-petroleum
-cars
exports
-mainly EU, also USA/India
-crude oil
-petroleum
-natural gas
-rubber
-cocoa and cotton
Crude oil
-dominates exports
-greatest demand for oil was from USA
-demand from USA has fallen recently
-India is now biggest customer
Agriculture
-Australia/Indonesia are biggest customers for cotton
- also Ghana/Ivory Coast
Nigeria political links
-Commonwealth
-United Nations- significant role in peacekeeping
-African Union- economic planning/peacekeeping
-CEN-SAD- trading/sporting links
-OPEC- stabilise oil prices to ensure regular supply
-ECOWAS- trading
Nigeria’s sources of income
-cocoa and cotton were primary
-95% of export earnings today are oil
Does Nigeria have a balanced economy?
1999- primary dominated
2012-
-employment in agriculture has fallen
- growth of service sector
- industrialisation/economic growth increased employment in oil manufacturing (secondary)
Nigeria’s growing manufacturing sector
- manufacturing is 10% of Nigeria’s GDP
- regular paid work gives people a more secure income
- manufacturing industries stimulate growth for other companies
-more people employed- revenue from taxes increases - industrial sector attracts foreign investment
- oil processing- growth in chemical industries
- this growth is an example of the multiplier effect
advantages and disadvantages of TNCs in Nigeria
Advantages
- companies provide employment/ development of new skills
- investment by companies in local infrastructure and education
- other companies benefit from increased orders
- valuable exports revenues earned
Disadvantages
- local workers sometimes poorly paid
- working conditions are sometimes very poor
-management jobs often go to foreign employees
- much of the profit goes abroad
impact of aid in Nigeria
- 2014- World Bank approved $500 million loan to fund development projects and loans to businesses
- Aid from USA helps protect people against AIDS/HIV
- Nets For Life (NGO) educates on malaria prevention and supplies nets
- The Community Care project in Nigeria provides support for orphans
Has Nigeria fully benefited from economic growth? (Q of L)
- Many people are still poor
- gap between rich and poor has become wider
- 60% live in poverty
- corruption - oil wealth was not used to diversify the economy
- over-dependence on oil could be a problem
