urban issues- Lagos Flashcards
describe the location of Lagos
Nigeria, West Africa
coastal city
North of equator
NEE
what is the population of Lagos
24 million roughly
regional importance of Lagos
opportunities for employment, recreation
provision of schools, universities, hospitals
docks and an international airport provide materials for local industries
national importance of lagos
80% of nigeria’s industry in lagos
generates 25% of nigeria’s GDP
Nigeria’s film industry- nollywood
home to many TNC’s
international importance of lagos
international airport
Apapa Port- 70% of nigeria’s exports
film industry
african cup of nations in Lagos
Lagos international trade fair every year
reasons for population growth in Lagos
rural-urban migration
natural increase
how has rural-urban migration lead to population growth
push factors in rural areas (poor services, low wages, land shortage, climate change) and pull factors in urban areas (jobs, healthcare, education)
people move from rural to urban areas
how has natural increase caused population growth
high rate of migration has created a youthful population in lagos- high birth rates- high rate of natural increase
lack of family planning and contraception
opportunities created with the growth of lagos
health care- better than in rural areas
education- state schools, universities
water supply- 12million people supplied with drinking water
energy- many rural areas don’t have lighting
describe improved economic development in Lagos
industrial areas have good access to ports, railways, main roads- exports/imports, easy access for customers
Ikeja District- home to the international airport: roads in good condition, hotels, shopping malls, offices
what are issues associated with urban growth in lagos
increase of squatter settlements
only 12% have access to safe water
informal economies- no taxes to government- less money spent on improving services/ infrastructure
Makoko
squatter settlement built on the lagoon- 200,000 people
most people work in the informal sector
backyard fishing- they fish in the lagoon
no flush toilets- human waste pollutes water supplies- water-borne diseases E.g cholera
Ebute Metta
West Africa’s largest timber yard
:) job opportunities- income
:( no protective equipment- no masks against sawdust
:( child labour
Olusosan rubbish dump
5000 employees- job opportunities
:( informal economy- less government taxes
:( burn plastics- carcinogenic- causes cancer
issues with water supply
only 10% of population can access safe piped water
majority dig wells, boreholes- could be contaminated with pollutants- diseases (cholera)
problem with rising sea level
salty water mixes with drinking water- becomes salty and undrinkable
floods- debris mixes with water- water contamination
issues with energy
energy is unreliable
businesses rely on diesel generators- air pollution- respiratory problems
issues with sanitation
no access to flush toilets-especially squatter settlements
human waste pollutes-
drinking water- water-borne diseases E.g cholera
issues with health care
families cannot afford medical care- become sick
risk contagious diseases E.g malaria
poor healthcare- high birth rates as parents have many children due to high infant mortality rates (overpopulation)
issues with education
parents cannot afford schools for children
children work to provide money for family, instead of school- low literacy rates
limited number of secondary schools
issues with unemployment
people work in the informal sector (40% of workforce)
informal sector- poor wages, dangerous, unregulated
no government taxes- less funds to improve infrastructure
issues with crime
area boys- street gang
high crime rates- drugs, theft, vandalism, scams
push factor for tourists- economic decline
issue of traffic congestion
high number of on-road vehicles- traffic jams
commuters spend hours in traffic- cannot work and receive a smaller income
many cars- air pollution- respiratory problems
many cars- damages roads
management of traffic congestion
bus rapid transit- separate bus lane, transports 200,000 commuters a day
new railways- less on-road vehicles
danfos- minibuses, very overcrowded
2 urban planning strategies
Makoko floating school
Eko Atlantic
describe the Makoko floating school
a school on water created in Makoko adapted to suit aquatic lifestyles of residents
help from NGO’s
positives of makoko floating school
job creation- hired local workers as builders- learnt how to build their own homes, income
used sustainable materials, solar energy
long term employment- teachers, security
local education for children- get skilled future jobs in formal economy- higher literacy rates
negatives of Makoko floating school
destroyed in a storm, not strong enough- danger to human life
describe Eko Atlantic
new coastal city built next to lagos
positives of Eko Atlantic
job creation- short term builders, long term cleaners, security, receptionists
boosts tourism- more income
housing, constant power supply
negatives of Eko Atlantic
expensive to build
long time for construction
unaffordable housing for those in squatter settlements
defenceless to high tides
lots of water and energy needed- unsustainable
define urbanisation
the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas
define migration
movement of people from one place to another
due to push/pull factors
define natural increase
when birth rates are higher than death rates
define megacity
a city with a population of over 10million
Tokyo- largest city
push factors (rural areas)
-long commutes to cities
-poor services- limited water, electricity
-poor public transport
-climate change- makes soil infertile, drought
pull factors (urban areas)
-job opportunities
-education, schools
-better healthcare
-better transport infrastructure
