fieldwork

Question 1

title of physical geography investigation

Answer 1

to investigate the effect of trampling on the abundance and diversity of vegetation at Reigate Heath, Surrey

Question 2

title of human geography investigation

Answer 2

to investigate the pattern of housing and environmental quality in Reigate

Question 3

factors to consider when choosing a suitable hypothesis

Answer 3

location- accessible?
- expensive/ cheap?
- is there data to collect?

Question 4

geographical theory for physical investigation

Answer 4

changes affecting
ecosystem balance,
food webs,
conflicting land uses, vegetation succession, environmental sustainability

Question 5

primary data sources (P)

Answer 5

data from original source

tallest species
% of vegetation cover
species count
height of footpath

Question 6

secondary data sources (P)

Answer 6

data from a secondary source

historical data
OS map
management plan for reigate heath

Question 7

describe the location of Reigate Heath

Answer 7

south of A25
west of Reigate town centre
reigate

Question 8

uses of reigate heath

Answer 8

walking
relaxation
explore wildlife
golf course

Question 9

management of reigate heath

Answer 9

if deforestation occurs- tree stumps left intact- encourages insect species diversity

retaining/aiming for 38% as woodland, 35% as grassland

Question 10

risk assessment for
tree stumps and uneven ground

Answer 10

risk of trips, foot injuries

wear sturdy shoes
no running
carry a first aid kit

Question 11

risk assessment for
adders

Answer 11

risk of snake bites

contact site manager to see if snakes present
call 999
students move slowly around site

Question 12

risk assessment for
ticks

Answer 12

risk of lyme disease

wear long sleeved clothing
be aware of lyme disease symptoms

Question 13

explain the steps of data collection using quadrats

Answer 13

measure 20m (tape measure) along a footpath

place quadrat record:
% vegetation, number of species, height of tallest plant

Question 14

why is data collection better in summer

Answer 14

species are in full bloom- easy to identify different species

Question 15

what was the sampling method

Answer 15

systemic sampling
quadrat placed every metre

Question 16

positives of using quadrats

Answer 16

cheap

allows study of vegetation over a range of areas

good to show vegetation distribution

Question 17

negatives of using quadrats

Answer 17

only an estimate of % vegetation- inaccurate

difficult to separate ground and plants resting horizontally

Question 18

strengths of primary data

Answer 18

data is reliable
data is specific to enquiry
The method of the collection is known
It is up to date

Question 19

negatives of primary data

Answer 19

Time-consuming

may need specialist equipment/resources

sample size needs to be large to be accurate

Question 20

strengths of secondary data

Answer 20

Easy to access
Low cost or free
A large amount of data sources are available

Question 21

negatives of secondary data

Answer 21

not specific to the enquiry

No control over the data quality

Data may be biased

Data may be out of date

Question 22

difference between quantitative data and qualitative data

Answer 22

quantitative- records quantities e.g
Traffic counts
River data: velocity, discharge
Weather data
EQS

qualitative data- records descriptive information, e.g:
Field sketches
photos
Interview answers

Question 23

purpose of sampling and types of sampling

Answer 23

not enough time to measure the whole area
provides a valid sample of the whole population

systemic
random
stratified

Question 24

pros/ cons of random sampling

Answer 24

Least biased
all sample sites have an equal chance of being selected
Can be used with a large sample area

poor representation of overall population if the random sites miss large areas
Some sites selected may not be accessible or safe

Question 25

pros/ cons of systemic sampling

Answer 25

easy and quick
more straightforward than random sampling
covers the whole area equally

increased bias
Not all sites have an equal chance of being selected

Question 26

pros/ cons of stratified sampling

Answer 26

can be used alongside systematic and random sampling
Comparisons can be made between sub-sets

The proportions of sub-sets must be known and accurate

Question 27

strengths/limitations of bar graphs

Answer 27

Summarises a large set of data
Easy to interpret and construct
shows trends clearly

Does not show causes, effects or patterns
Only used with discrete data

Question 28

strengths/limitations of line graphs

Answer 28

Shows trends and patterns clearly
quick, easy to construct
easy to interpret

Does not show causes or effects
if there are multiple lines on a graph it can be confusing

Question 29

strengths/limitations of pie charts

Answer 29

Clearly shows the proportion of the whole
Easy to compare different components
Easy to label

Do not show changes over time
Difficult to understand with no clear labelling
Hard to compare two sets of data

Question 30

strengths/limitations of scatter graphs

Answer 30

Clearly shows data correlation
Shows data spread
Easy to see anomalies

Data points cannot be labeled
Too many data points can make it difficult to read

Question 31

strengths/limitations of chloropleth maps

Answer 31

The clear visual impression of the changes over space Makes it seem as if there is an abrupt change in the boundary

Shows a large amount of data
Distinguishing between shades can be difficult
Groupings are flexible Variations within the value set are not visible

Question 32

strengths/limitations of proportional symbols map

Question 33

strengths/limitations of photographs

Question 34

strengths/limitations of maps

Question 35

strengths/limitations of field sketches