Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography > changing economic world- UK > Flashcards

changing economic world- UK Flashcards

1
Q

define globalisation

A

the process which created a connected world, increases in trade, migration and tourism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define deindustrialisation

A

the decline of a country’s manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets, competition from NEE’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

government policy

A

a plan decided by a government to manage issues in a country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primary sector

A

extracting raw materials from the natural environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secondary sector

A

process raw materials into manufactured goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tertiary sector

A

selling of services and skills
e.g doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

quaternary sector

A

information services, research and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

main causes of deindustrialisation

A

-increasing cost of production
-globalisation
-declining investments
-changing government policies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

decline of coal mines

A

government policy privatised coal mining industries
privatised- sold them to companies

loss of 30,000 uk coal mines

Tata steel has decreased from 18,000 to 3,300 jobs due to cheap chinese steel imports- de-multiplier effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the de-multiplier effect

A
  1. closure of industry
  2. loss of jobs
  3. unemployment
  4. social costs/ issues
  5. lack of local spending
  6. closure of local businesses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

example of area which has been most affected by de-industrialisation in the UK

A

sunderland- near the sea so ports for exports/ imports
closure of coal mines and ship yards- demultiplier effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how did de-industrialisation cause economic change in UK

A

mechanisation- as technology became more advanced, machines replaced farmers

machines- more reliable, cheaper to run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how did globalisation cause economic change in UK

A

cheaper crops are imported from countries overseas where there is mass production
labour and land is cheaper overseas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how did government policy cause economic change in UK

A

the UK and EU have strict laws for environmental pollution from businesses

makes it expensive for businesses to make products in UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define post industrial economy

A

economically developed countries where employment is mainly in service industries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the UK’s economy now based on
name the 5 industries

A

knowledge and research (require an educated workforce)

-information technology
-service industries
-finance
-research
-science & business parks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

industries in the post-industry are footloose- what does this mean

A

footloose- they’re not tied to heavy raw materials so can locate wherever they have a cost advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why are industries in the post-industry are closer to major transport routes

A

motorways, railways- offer maximum access for customers and employees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

industries in the post-industry agglomerate together- what does this mean

A

they get together and exchange ideas
are geographically close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the location of science parks in UK

A

close to london- capital city

close to universities- attract skilled graduates

close to motorways- transport links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define growth corridor

A

an area of a country where the economy is growing, often along a major transport route linking cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what must an area have to be considered a growth corridor

A

-skilled workforce
-good transport links
-quaternary industries

23
Q

M4 corridor

A

produces 8% of UK’s economic output
-sub-urban living

:) close to countryside
:) cheaper rent outside london
:) near to universities e.g bristol

24
Q

describe location of Cambridge science park

A

in Cambridge, East England
near the M11
near Stansted airport

25
key characteristics of Cambridge science park
major hub for hi-tech industry 7,250 employees cambridge graduates open greenspace, parking Abcam- makes + sells antibodies to other countries, researches cancer
26
benefits of Cambridge science park
-health facilities for locals -investment into public transport -cambridge famous for medical research- brings investment -indirect jobs- security, cafe workers
27
disadvantages of Cambridge science park
-increase in house prices due to greater demand -traffic congestion
28
why have companies clustered together at Cambridge science park
many companies, e.g 34 biomedical companies -share equipment -share workers, ideas companies in cambridge so they can offer high quality of living, and attract skilled workers
29
give impacts of industry on the environment
quarries- make land unattractive, destroys habitats waste releases toxins into soil factories release CO2- global warming release of chemicals which pollutes water supplies
30
environmental impacts of limestone quarrying in Torr Quarry (somerset)
-deforestation -destruction of habitats -water pollution -air pollution
31
define sustainability
development that meets needs of present people whilst protecting resources for the future generations
32
positives of torr quarry
generates £15 million a year to local economy source of construction materials makes 7.5 million tonnes of limestone a year over 100 employees
33
negatives of torr quarry
air pollution- increased CO2 emissions from lorries transporting materials noise pollution environmental degradation
34
sustainable practices at torr quarry
60 acres of site landscaped, trees planted, creation of wildlife lakes- restores natural habitats limestone transported by rail- less on road vehicles, less traffic congestion monitoring noise, dust emissions- reduces pollution dig deeper not wider- protects surrounding greenfield sites
35
give opportunities/ challenges of rural living
:) cheap house prices :) less congestion :) open green space :( long commutes :( poor public transport :( ageing population :( lack of recreational activities
36
which rural area is seeing population growth
South Cambridgeshire near to London and Cambridge- young adults migrate there for education, university
37
negatives/ positives of population growth in south cambrisdgeshire
:( increase in house prices :( traffic congestion- air pollution :( lack of agricultural employment- land is used to build house :) takes pressure off cambridge :) development :) increased social diversity
38
which rural area is seeing population decline
the outer hebrides young adults migrate to cities due to a lack of job opportunities in rural areas cities have better transport links and recreation
39
negative impacts of population decline in the outer hebrides
less young adults- less families- less children- schools close older workforce- unattractive to investors lack of economic development
40
road improvements in UK
new lanes added to motorways- reduces congestion bypasses- new roads around congested areas smart motorways (closing the hard shoulder to add a lane) scrapped as of 2023 due to accidents
41
railway improvements in UK
HS2- connects london and manchester :( loss of countryside, close to homes :) reduces pressure on motorways Crossrail- connects reading and east london, mainly for commuters Issues- delays, strikes
42
seaport improvements in UK
Liverpool 2- a new terminal at liverpool port :) job creation :) reduces north/ south divide :) doubles port capacity
43
air travel development in UK
a 3rd runway at Heathrow :) increased air travel- more income generated :( increased flights- more carbon emissions- global warming
44
what is the north- south divide
the socioeconomic and cultural disparities between the south east and rest of UK differences in house prices, salaries, job creation rates
45
why is there a north-south divide
during industrial revolution, UK's growth centred around coal industry coal mines in north UK industries declined overtime due to loss of resources- unemployment london and south-east have a rapidly growing tertiary sector E.g business parks
46
strategies to reduce north-south divide
reduced taxes- attracts investment from TNCs, creates jobs E.g Mitsubishi near Edinburgh transport improvements- HS2, liverpool 2 enterprise zones- superfast broadband- attracts new businesses- :) job creation LEP- local enterprise partnerships, partnerships between local authorities and businesses E.g lancashire LEP aerospace
47
northern powerhouse
a concept to invest into de-industrialised area in north- Nottingham, leeds £13 billion spent on improving northern transport- allows easy access E.g upgrade to M1- reduces congestion Mediacity UK- home to BBC, ITV- job creation investment in smaller digital businesses
48
describe UK's historical and political links with the world
british empire had colonies in many countries they gained independence and became a member of commonwealth
49
UK trade links with the world
trade- trading partners with UN main imports come from Germany, USA, China UK's exports go mostly to India, Russia
50
UK culture links with world
television- one of the UK's major industries generates £1.25 billion a year Dr Who, Sherlock, the office
51
UK transport links with world
airports- gatwick, heathrow eurostar ferries - dover port
52
UK electrical communications with world
arctic fibre project- 15,000km of cables linking tokyo and london
53
UK and the EU
goods and services move freely between countries- no taxes people migrate to UK for higher paid jobs european funds support development in UK
54
UK and commonwealth
commonwealth games- sporting event, attracts tourists countries of the british empire, co-operation between countries migration from commonwealth countries to UK

Geography (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions