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Geography > Global Food > Flashcards

Global Food Flashcards

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1
Q

define food security

A

having access to safe, affordable food

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2
Q

define food insecurity

A

lacking access to safe, affordable food

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3
Q

how does population growth increase food demand

A

as the population grows, there are more mouths to feed
demand increases

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4
Q

how does economic growth increase food demand

A

as the economy becomes wealthier, there is greater demand for higher quality produce and a range of ingredients
demand increases

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5
Q

define sustainable food

A

production of food that increases yield to meet the demand of future generations whilst protecting the environment

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6
Q

define food loss

A

food that is thrown away before it meets the consumer due to it’s deterioration after harvest

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7
Q

define food waste

A

food that is thrown away after meeting the consumer as it has expired or not been used

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8
Q

define undernourishment

A

not meeting the sufficient calorie intake in your diet

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9
Q

give 2 sustainable food practices

A

growing crops in your garden- local, reduces food miles
using used fruit and vegetables as compost- they decompose into nutrient-rich soil

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10
Q

list 5 factors that affect food availability

A

climate
technology
pests
conflict
poverty

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11
Q

how does climate affect food availability

A

crops require a good amount of rainfall- dry regions will produce less food
extreme weather, e.g storms, will destroy crops
global warming- causes droughts

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12
Q

how does technology affect food availability

A

HIC’s can afford advanced technology- e.g irrigation systems = higher crop yield
LIC’s cannot afford new technology = smaller crop yield

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13
Q

how does pests affect food availability

A

pests eat crops= less harvest

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14
Q

how does conflict affect food availability

A

farmers are forced to flee their farms + homes = nobody to farm crops= less food
crops are burnt during battle

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15
Q

how does poverty affect food availability

A

if people cannot afford healthcare they become sick and unable to work
less workers on farms= less food

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16
Q

social impacts of food insecurity

A

undernourishment
when crop yield decreases food prices rise
poorer people cannot afford food
they become malnourished
they cannot afford healthcare
become sick and unable to work
lose their income

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17
Q

economic impacts of food insecurity

A

if workers are undernourished and cannot work, they don’t receive incomes
less government taxes
less economic development

18
Q

environmental impacts of food insecurity

A

overgrazing: cattle eat vegetation and leave soil exposed to leaching= soil erosion= infertile land

over-cultivation: farmers forced to farm on marginal land= leads to desertification

pesticides- pollute water supplies= harms animals

19
Q

list 4 management strategies to increase food supply

A

aeroponics
hydroponics
impossible burger
irrigation

20
Q

explain pros and cons of aeroponics

A

plants grow in the air
:) get more oxygen- more respiration,more energy for more growth
:) requires less water

:( expensive
:( requires advanced technology- LIC’s cannot afford

21
Q

explain pros and cons of hydroponics

A

plants grow in water
:) get more water= more photosynthesis= more growth

:( expensive
:( requires advanced technology- LIC’s cannot afford

22
Q

explain pros and cons of the impossible burger

A

substitute for meat- plant-based burger

:) less cattle farmed- less methane released, less global warming

:( high in saturated fats- obesity risk

23
Q

explain pros and cons of irrigation systems

A

artificially watering crops

:) saves time
:) higher crop yield

:( locals displaced to build dams
:( farmers are replaced

24
Q

why are greenhouses good for food production

A

humid and warm- ideal conditions for plant growth
less pesticides are used

25
Q

list our two case studies

A

global scale- Almeria, Spain
local scale- Jamalpur, Bangladesh

26
Q

social effects of Almeria greenhouses

A

:) job opportunities- provides workers with income

:( workers paid little wages for long hours
:( immigrant labour
:( pesticides- health risks

27
Q

economic effects of Almeria greenhouses

A

:) generates $1.5billion to Spain’s economy per year
:) economy gets money from exports and trades
:) Spain receives lots of sun- reduced costs due to no additional heating

28
Q

environmental effects of Almeria greenhouses

A

:( plastic is discarded into ocean- harms aquatic life

29
Q

list 5 ways to increase sustainable food supply

A

permaculture:

organic farming
urban farming
sustainable meat and fish
reducing food loss
reducing food waste

30
Q

explain organic farming

A

reduce use of pesticides
natural fertilisers
use natural pesticides- e.g ladybugs
:) less pollution of water supplies
:( slower harvest

31
Q

explain urban farming

A

farming in towns and cities
:) less transportation costs
:) improves air quality
‘green roofs’

32
Q

explain sustainable meat and fish

A

grazing animals outdoors
e.g free range chickens
:) less animal cruelty

33
Q

explain reducing food loss

A

canning food
fermenting
pickling
food lasts longer, later expiry date

34
Q

explain reducing food waste

A

re-using leftovers
wonky fruit- selling misshapen fruit and vegetables for cheaper prices
use old fruit and veg as compost

35
Q

Describe Jamalpur

A

north of Bangladesh
population of 2.29 million
65.5% work in agriculture
literacy rate of 38.4%
LOW INCOME

36
Q

explain the local scale strategy to increase food production in Jamalpur

A

farm rice and fish together

symbiotic relationship:
-rice provides shelter and shade to fish
-fish reduce pests and weeds

37
Q

social effects of fish and rice farming

A

provides locals with jobs- brings income, can afford healthcare
improves diet of locals

38
Q

economic effects of fish and rice farming

A

provides jobs- generates income
more government taxes paid- improvement of quality of living

sold locally- income

39
Q

environmental effects of fish and rice farming

A

local scale- no food miles
no pesticides- fish are natural pesticides

40
Q

issues with rice and fish farming

A

farmers don’t want to adapt to new farming methods
fish can spread disease
competition between fish and rice for nutrients

41
Q

explain permaculture

A

developing agricultural systems that co-operate with nature

e.g organic farming, urban farming, eating seasonally, reducing food waste/loss

Geography (15 decks)

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