Global Food Flashcards
define food security
having access to safe, affordable food
define food insecurity
lacking access to safe, affordable food
how does population growth increase food demand
as the population grows, there are more mouths to feed
demand increases
how does economic growth increase food demand
as the economy becomes wealthier, there is greater demand for higher quality produce and a range of ingredients
demand increases
define sustainable food
production of food that increases yield to meet the demand of future generations whilst protecting the environment
define food loss
food that is thrown away before it meets the consumer due to it’s deterioration after harvest
define food waste
food that is thrown away after meeting the consumer as it has expired or not been used
define undernourishment
not meeting the sufficient calorie intake in your diet
give 2 sustainable food practices
growing crops in your garden- local, reduces food miles
using used fruit and vegetables as compost- they decompose into nutrient-rich soil
list 5 factors that affect food availability
climate
technology
pests
conflict
poverty
how does climate affect food availability
crops require a good amount of rainfall- dry regions will produce less food
extreme weather, e.g storms, will destroy crops
global warming- causes droughts
how does technology affect food availability
HIC’s can afford advanced technology- e.g irrigation systems = higher crop yield
LIC’s cannot afford new technology = smaller crop yield
how does pests affect food availability
pests eat crops= less harvest
how does conflict affect food availability
farmers are forced to flee their farms + homes = nobody to farm crops= less food
crops are burnt during battle
how does poverty affect food availability
if people cannot afford healthcare they become sick and unable to work
less workers on farms= less food
social impacts of food insecurity
undernourishment
when crop yield decreases food prices rise
poorer people cannot afford food
they become malnourished
they cannot afford healthcare
become sick and unable to work
lose their income
economic impacts of food insecurity
if workers are undernourished and cannot work, they don’t receive incomes
less government taxes
less economic development
environmental impacts of food insecurity
overgrazing: cattle eat vegetation and leave soil exposed to leaching= soil erosion= infertile land
over-cultivation: farmers forced to farm on marginal land= leads to desertification
pesticides- pollute water supplies= harms animals
list 4 management strategies to increase food supply
aeroponics
hydroponics
impossible burger
irrigation
explain pros and cons of aeroponics
plants grow in the air
:) get more oxygen- more respiration,more energy for more growth
:) requires less water
:( expensive
:( requires advanced technology- LIC’s cannot afford
explain pros and cons of hydroponics
plants grow in water
:) get more water= more photosynthesis= more growth
:( expensive
:( requires advanced technology- LIC’s cannot afford
explain pros and cons of the impossible burger
substitute for meat- plant-based burger
:) less cattle farmed- less methane released, less global warming
:( high in saturated fats- obesity risk
explain pros and cons of irrigation systems
artificially watering crops
:) saves time
:) higher crop yield
:( locals displaced to build dams
:( farmers are replaced
why are greenhouses good for food production
humid and warm- ideal conditions for plant growth
less pesticides are used
list our two case studies
global scale- Almeria, Spain
local scale- Jamalpur, Bangladesh
social effects of Almeria greenhouses
:) job opportunities- provides workers with income
:( workers paid little wages for long hours
:( immigrant labour
:( pesticides- health risks
economic effects of Almeria greenhouses
:) generates $1.5billion to Spain’s economy per year
:) economy gets money from exports and trades
:) Spain receives lots of sun- reduced costs due to no additional heating
environmental effects of Almeria greenhouses
:( plastic is discarded into ocean- harms aquatic life
list 5 ways to increase sustainable food supply
permaculture:
organic farming
urban farming
sustainable meat and fish
reducing food loss
reducing food waste
explain organic farming
reduce use of pesticides
natural fertilisers
use natural pesticides- e.g ladybugs
:) less pollution of water supplies
:( slower harvest
explain urban farming
farming in towns and cities
:) less transportation costs
:) improves air quality
‘green roofs’
explain sustainable meat and fish
grazing animals outdoors
e.g free range chickens
:) less animal cruelty
explain reducing food loss
canning food
fermenting
pickling
food lasts longer, later expiry date
explain reducing food waste
re-using leftovers
wonky fruit- selling misshapen fruit and vegetables for cheaper prices
use old fruit and veg as compost
Describe Jamalpur
north of Bangladesh
population of 2.29 million
65.5% work in agriculture
literacy rate of 38.4%
LOW INCOME
explain the local scale strategy to increase food production in Jamalpur
farm rice and fish together
symbiotic relationship:
-rice provides shelter and shade to fish
-fish reduce pests and weeds
social effects of fish and rice farming
provides locals with jobs- brings income, can afford healthcare
improves diet of locals
economic effects of fish and rice farming
provides jobs- generates income
more government taxes paid- improvement of quality of living
sold locally- income
environmental effects of fish and rice farming
local scale- no food miles
no pesticides- fish are natural pesticides
issues with rice and fish farming
farmers don’t want to adapt to new farming methods
fish can spread disease
competition between fish and rice for nutrients
explain permaculture
developing agricultural systems that co-operate with nature
e.g organic farming, urban farming, eating seasonally, reducing food waste/loss
