Urban Issues and Challenges (Mumbai) Flashcards
What percentage of India’s sea trade does Mumbai attract?
60%
What percentage of income tax in India does Mumbai contribute?
33%
How many airports does Mumbai have?
2
Are there TNCs in Mumbai? (if so, give examples)
Yes, eg GlaxosmithKline, Disney, Volkswagen
What is the informal economy?
A type of employment that happens without the government’s knowledge- therefore no tax paying. Common in LICS.
What challenges does water pollution and flooding present in Mumbai? (3)
People and factories dump a lot of waste in the Mithi River.
Solid waste clogs up drains, which leads to flooding.
In 2005, the river flooded after a metre of rain fell in 24 hours.
What percentage of Mumbai was flooded in the 2005 flood and how many people died?
1/4 of the city, over 400 people died.
How much money did the 2005 flood cost Mumbai?
Over $100 million USD
What challenges does waste (sanitary and plastic) present in Mumbai? (Not related to rivers or water)
In slum areas, hundreds of people share a toilet.
1 in 20 people have to go on the street.
The recycling industry has poor conditions for the people who work in it.
What challenges does air pollution present in Mumbai?
Exhaust gases, smoke from burnt rubbish and factories pollute the air in Mumbai. As the economy grows, more energy is needed. Therefore more smoke.
Mumbai’s residents have high rates of breathing problems like bronchitis
Mumbai was given an “unhealthy” air quality rating
What challenges does traffic congestion present in Mumbai?
There are only four rail crossings to the island, which creates congestion
Lots of deaths are caused by people sitting on trains or tracks, or hanging from doors or windows.
There are 300-350 new vehicles every day
What is Mumbai’s air quality rating, compared to Bristol and London?
Mumbai- 180, “unhealthy”
London- 50, “good” on verge of “moderate”
Bristol- 28 “good”
What are the solutions to solve problems presented by waste (sanitary and plastic)?
The slum sanitation project has built 300 community toilet blocks with over 51,000 toilet seats and facilities for men and women, and the recycling industry recycles most of Mumbai’s waste
What are the solutions that have been presented to solve the environmental problems presented by air pollution? (3)
A new metro system aims to encourage people to use more public transport, and should have 9 lines by 2021.
32 of its 146 km will be underground.
The city has banned diesel, and its taxies use gas instead which reduces emissions.
The main roads have been upgraded which reduces pollution and congestions
What are the solutions that have been presented to solve the environmental problems presented by water pollution and flooding? (5)
After the 2005 flood, the Mithi River Project was set up to prevent floods
The river channel was dredged so it could hold more water, and so it could flow easier towards the sea.
This didn’t work so they started checking waste discharges from factories. Public toilets have been built.
Some people are setting up education projects as to why you shouldn’t dump in the river.
