Urban Issues And Challenges Flashcards
Push factors in rural areas
Famine
Poor education
Disease
Extreme weather patterns
Pull factors in urban areas
Public transport
Variety of jobs
Less gender discrimination
Better healthcare
Push factors in urban areas
Too busy
Loud and noisy
High crime rate
Pull factors in rural areas
Quieter
Cheaper
Factors affecting birth rate
Not enough contraception
Lack of family planning
Traditional larger families
How many people commute to Mumbai every day
3 million
What is Mumbai home to (in the entertainment industry )
Biggest cultural industry produce 1000 Bollywood films annually
What is urbanisation
When people move to cities
What is a mega city
Urban area with population over 10 million or more
Factors affecting death rates
Disease
Access to hospitals
Famine
Lack of water
Wealth
Every 1 doctor how many people are there (India)
1500
How long is water on for in Mumbai
2 hours at 5:30
How many toilets per 1000 people are there
1
What is a top down approach
When the government can decide what to do and make all decisions
Describe characteristics of a slum
Are very closely packed with shacks made of very basic materials
What percent of foreign trade does Mumbai contribute to
40%
It’s the economic hub of India
How many people live in slums in the city Mumbai
6.3 million people
What is the Mumbai slum rehabilitation project
Educate slum dwellers
Installed Good quality clean functioning toilet
Made more accessible
What percentage of people are able to read and write in Mumbai
90%
How is London sustainable
40% green space
Sustainable transport (boris bikes)
Leisure and tourism importance of London
Tourists spent 21 billion pounds
Theatres and restaurants
Immigration importance of London
14 religions in London
Culture
Business and trade importance of London
Largest economies in the world
5 million jobs
90% of all businessmen located in London
How much of the uks income does London generate
1/5
What jobs are there in Mumbai
Thriving pottery industry
Bakery’s
Rag pickers (35,000)
How do immigrants benefit the economy
Take less desirable jobs
Create new jobs
What are some urban changes in London
Advanced underground (Elizabeth line )
Increases population due to migration
Culture and diversity increased
Inequalities between Kensington and Chelsea and Tower hamlets
Kensington chelsea =50% kids have private school education, 4.3% unemployed, average house price for semi detatched is 5 million
Tower hamlets = 6% of 16-17 year olds are not in education, 1/3 unemployed, average house price 500,000
Pros of the Olympic park
9000 new homes
Image of area improved
12,000 jobs created
Cons of Olympic park
Cost 700 million pounds
Games produced 3.3 million tons of co2
Many people in surrounding boroughs remain in poverty
Advantages of building on a green field
More affordable housing
Reduced site clearance needed
Disadvantages of building on a green field
Threaten animal habitats
Moves businesses out from towns
Might need new drainage, electricity, roads and public transport
Advantages of building on a brownfield
Transform industrial sites into shopping centres, offices or parks
Facilitate job growth
Disadvantages of building on a brownfield
Can be costly and complicated
Aren’t very attractive or popular
Likely to need planning permission
House prices would be high
What is a brownfield
Area of land that has previously been built on
What is a green belt
Area of protected land you can’t build on
What is a green field
Area of open land that hasn’t been built on
Problems of landfill
Methane gas released
Toxins travel over 3 miles form land fill site
Smelly so lower house prices
Creates leachate than Can contaminate water sources
What problems does traffic in a HIC cause
Noise pollution
CO2 emissions
Lower productivity
Can affect emergency services
Solutions to managing waste in London
Anaerobic digester
The rubbish cafe
Floating cyclist
Cost of Elizabeth line
18.9 billion
Benefits of Elizabeth line
Designed to help people with mobility
Speed up journey times
Access to major airports such as Heathrow
10 new stations
Feriburgs traffic management plan
- Traffic calming = less than 500 cars per 1000 residents, pedestrian zone
- Key roads concentrate traffic
- No free parking in city centre
- Promotes public transport = 30 km tram, low fares
- Bicycle use = 9000 parking spaces for bikes in city centre
