Changing Economic World Flashcards

Question

Advantages and disadvantages of the DTM

Answer 1

A= dynamic and flexible showing change through time, universal concept that can be applied to all countries around the world and be compared D= it doesn’t predict what will happen if countries suffer from natural hazards regularly, does not include impacts of migration

Answer 2

Physicality, colonialism, poverty, trade, conflict, ,independence

Answer 3

Tourism, debt relief, micro finance loans, intermediate strategies, aid, industrial development, fair trade, investments

Answer 4

-200,000 Jamaicans gain employment in services -non cruise ships tourists spend 120 dollars daily -quality of life improves as more money to reinvest to improve infrastructure

Answer 5

-air pollution -road traffic -foreign staff at hotels so locals are unemployed -damage of habitat —> coral reef damage

Answer 6

-ability to trade —> good sea port allows you to import raw materials for manufacture into products to sell -attract TNCs —> set up factories and offices and start industrialisation, however they exploit their cheap workforce but people gain skills and reliable income -governments encourage capitalism (businesses) though policies and laws

Answer 7

-investments allow governments to improve infrastructure such as buildings dams to provide electricity and clean water - encourage TNCs to invest in country and diversify the economy

Answer 8

of shifting an economy away from a single income source (eg just agriculture) toward multiple sources from a growing range of sectors and markets (eg farming / mining )

Answer 9

-no child or forced labour —> more children can have education -minimum prices gives people more money —> can send child to school, so better chance of getting a well paid job and break poverty cycle -respect for environment —> no destruction of habitat

Answer 10

-use taanka and pat as exampes -taanka is an underground storage 4 m deep and collect surface water from roofs -pat is an irrigation system that transfers water to crops -these technologies will provide country with cheap, efficient service so can spend money elsewhere on developing infrastructure

Answer 11

-when you don’t have to pay debt as LICs don’t have the money to repay -allows countries to spend money on other vital necessities such as health care and education -however some countries may need it more than others and so can cause exploitation and corruption of governments

Answer 12

-when money is lent to LICs to help them develop, they are available to people and businesses who may struggle to get credit -pigs for peace in democratic republic of Congo improve lives of women who had suffered from malnutrition and disease -they loan a pig to a family and provide support with mating opportunities and veterinary support -rather than repaying money the family gives two piglets back to the organisation -piglets can be sold for average price of about 40 dollars per animal

Answer 13

-it is a gift of money goods or services to a developing country, it does not need to be repaid -encourages project that develop clean water and sanitation so improved living standards -rebuilds livelihoods and housing after disaster and can save lives in times of disaster -however can increase dependency of LICs on donor countries -aid may not reach the people who need it most, corruption may lead to politicians using aid for their own means and gain

Answer 14

-climate in Nigeria is hot and dry with lots of desertification which leads to food and water shortages therefore higher death rates , less people economically active and there is a high strain on public services -climate in UK is temperate mild wet climate, provides lots of fresh water and great for agriculture so encourage economic growth and higher life expectancy

Answer 15

-in Nigeria between 1650 to 1900 millions of people were transported from Africa to work as slaves at plantations as a result of powerful empires like the British empire, there was political instability which help back development -in UK we created British empire which encaptured millions of slaves to sell for money, this developed the country

Answer 16

-in Nigeria one child dies every minute of malaria, this shows lack of disposable income as families are unable to afford health care , death rates will remain high and so cannot move into stage 3 of DTM -wealthy government due to high tax rates which pays for NHS and entitles everyone to free health care service, this also includes vaccinations to diseases

Answer 17

A= provide employment and training skills, modern technology is introduced and funded by TNCs, companies often invest in improving local services and amenities, government benefits from taxes providing money can be spent on improving health care D= TNCs can exploit the low wage economy and avoid paying local taxes, working conditions may be poor with fewer regulations than in richer countries, local companies may find it hard to compete with TNCs, LIC/ NEE can become dependent on TNCs for economic growth

Answer 18

S= 90% of staff are Nigerian, built lots of schools, electricity and running water provided E= paying lots of tax to government, providing micro finance loans to small businesses, encouraging business between shell and other similar businesses, export 45 billion dollars in crude oil to HIC every year

Answer 19

En = gas flaring which is illegal this increases pollution, mass deforestation Ec= profits from production goes straight to headquarters in HIC, accused of limiting the amount of tax they pay S= accused of human rights abuses, employees are working 12+ hour shifts in poor conditions

Answer 20

-two massive oil spills which spilled 560,000 barrels of oil Impacts : -mass deforestation -destroyed marine life -people have lack of food from no fish or farming -contaminated water supplies -poverty and conflict between government and community

Answer 21

-global shift in manufacturing to developing countries such as china = this is because they can produce cheaper goods because labour is less -machines and technology have replaced workers = more efficient so more money produced -lack of investment from government = high labour costs and outdated machinery made Uk products too expensive to sell

Answer 22

-deindustrialisation -globalisation -government policies

Answer 23

-state owned businesses were privatised, this made a lot of money for government -Lots of factories and coal pits were closed. The government said that they could no longer compete with foreign countries where wages are lower -The service sector grew. Wages in the service sector are generally very good.

Answer 24

-growth of globalisation has meant that the Uk economy is now more dependent on other countries -globalisation has allowed people to connect with other countries (locate factories abroad, get products shipped into UK ports)

Answer 25

-Heathrow airports = construction of fourth new airport, new runway -HS2 = new high speed railway to connect London to Birmingham -A303 = digging a 3km tunnel and create a duel carriageway as it is the main route to the south west -Liverpool dock lands = construct a deep water quay on the river Mersey

Answer 26

A= 73 million passengers move through it each year D= cost is 18.6 billion

Answer 27

A= 1.5 million containers per year (double previous capacity D= cost 300 million

Answer 28

A= main route to south west so reduce congestion D= cost 2 billion, has been cancelled by Labour

Answer 29

A= will connect London to Birmingham D= due to be complete in 2033, route passes through Chiltern hills damaging ancient woodland and devaluing many homes

Answer 30

Industrial growth = 70-80% of forests have been destroyed through logging and agriculture, some industries dispose of chemical waste on nearby land threatening the ground water quality

Answer 31

-waste is dumped on streets -green belts are being converted into building sites -traffic congestion is a major problem

Answer 32

-land degradation -water pollution due to chemicals, soil erosion -many species have disappeared -buildings of settlements and roads have destroyed habitats and added to CO2 emissions

Answer 33

-oil has affected ecosystems and contributes to pollution -in the Niger delta there is conflicts with locals over oil extraction -local water supplies polluted with toxic chemicals

Answer 34

-installing 4000 solar panels so 1.5% of energy is generated by them -encouraging use of greener transport by forming a deal with Nissan to incentivise making switch to EV or hybrid vehicle, employees can save money on their purchase, also encouraging public transport and walking or cycling to work -anaerobic digester which processes residue of products and converts it into renewable energy however very expensive

Answer 35

-counter urbanisation -ageing population -European migration -economic changes

Answer 36

S= better education opportunities, nicer scenery and location so better quality of life E= house prices have increased to greater demand, lose customers for local businesses as commuters buy products in the city where they work

Answer 37

S= higher demand for health care services , highly dependent population so in need of young people to care for them E= less people in jobs so reduced money going to government, primary job sector suffers, grey pound (elderly people have high disposable income to spend in community)

Answer 38

S= migrants are happy to take primary sector jobs, causes conflict between locals and migrants E= more migrants spending money so multiplies effect, higher competition for jobs

Answer 39

S= push young people away from area in seek of better employment , decline of sense of community E= decline in farming jobs so possible lower yield of crops so less locally sourced food, increase in importing food

Answer 40

Outer Hebrides = decline South Cambridgeshire = increase

Answer 41

S= many local services and facilities close down such as pubs, primary schools, population becomes increasingly elderly demand for care services increase, costs of care rises E= increase in relative poverty amongst population, local government have to support through more, farming here is incredible tough and the price of wool and lamb are very low so many abandon this to seek more reliable incomes in urban areas, decline of fishing due to government controls on fishing following environmental concerns, in 1948 there were nearly 900 registered boats now there are only a few

Answer 42

S= majority of people commute to urban areas for work leaving behind a ghost village devoid of people/ sense of community and local businesses can struggle, greater demand for leisure and reiteration facilities such as golf, 80% of people own their own car so increased traffic congestion on small country roads, public transport struggles to attract customers, E= popularity of area leads to a risk in increasing house prices, middle class people move to the area they bring wealth and investment often renovating homes and businesses this is called gentrification, greater ethnic diversity as Eastern European migrants arrive to take low skills and low paid jobs in community including cleaning and elderly care

Answer 43

-Refers to the cultural and economic differences between the south and north of England -the south enjoys higher standard of living, longer life expectancy and higher incomes

Answer 44

-many industries that the north relied such as heavy engineering has decline and unemployment increased -however London developed rapidly becoming a financial centre and has grown faster than the rest of the UK

Answer 45

-enterprise zones have been created = these aim to encourage the establishment of,ent of new businesses by providing a business rate discount up to 275,000 over a five year period -Lancashire LEP will promote new businesses and create 5000 jobs -20 million transport improvements planned in cities like Preston -new high speed rail service (HS2) between London and Birmingham encouraging business in other cities

Answer 46

-developed nations such as the UK to help support nations impacted by colonial empires to advance economically, socially and improve human rights -the UK does benefit as it improves their trade links generating them lost of money

Answer 47

-uk promoted Hugh skilled I in grants from commonwealth countries benefitting our economy and offers opportunities for individuals -commonwealth countries have grown at an average rate of 4.4% over past 4 decades

Answer 48

-commonwealth accused of overlooking human rights abuse, including anti LGBTQ+ laws in Gambia and atrocities during civil war in Syria -criticised for having little influence in a modern world

Answer 49

-allows you to trade goods and services freely with other countries in the union -commonwealth rules in products / services improves quality of items traded -supports weaker countries /regions economies helping them grow faster -people can move freely between countries and live where they like

Answer 50

-countries are not free to make trade agreements with countries outdid of the trade union -cheaper or better foreign products pit domestic companies out of business -each member has to pay a memebership fee to be part of EU

Answer 51

-UK coude make its own laws about importing products -freedom from SU decisions -saving money as no longer have to pay membership fee -save money so can invest in our own infrastructure

Answer 52

-uncertainty to do with economic state and trade relations -lose international support from other EU countries if disaster or crisis occurs

Answer 53

-15% reduction in trade -uk couldn’t recover as quickly after Covid as EU countries -value of pound decreased = inflation

Answer 54

12th largest producer of oil in the world so economic growth