Resource Management Flashcards
What is the kieldor water transfer scheme
Water is being transported from the river Tyne to the river Tees
What is physical water scarcity
When there is no water to be extracted or found usually because of hot and dry climate
What is economic water scarcity
When the countries don’t have the money to extract the water
Impacts of water scarcity
Waterborne diseases, water conflict, water pollution, industrial output, food production
How does water scarcity lead to waterborne diseases
High level of contaminated water which can cause diseases such as cholera and dysentery
How does water scarcity impact industrial output
Growth of manufacturing in NEEs is increasing demands on water supplies, impact countries economy as factories can’t make as many products
What is an aquifer
An underground store of water in permeable rock
What is a water deficit
High demand of water but low supply
What are 4 causes of water scarcity
Climate, poverty, over abstraction, limited infrastructure, pollution
How much water does the great man made river supply
6.5 million cubed of drinking water to tripoli and Benghazi per day
How much does man made river cost
Phase 1 of 5 cost 14 billion pounds
Ways to reduce water scarcity
Desalination, dams and reservoirs, aquifers, water transfer chemo, rainwater harvesting
What is the great man made river water transfer scheme
Pipes are transporting water from an aquifer to the big cities in the north of Libya such as tripoli and Benghazi where water is in demand
What is the climate like in Libya
Does not get below 8 degrees all year and has little rain during the year
How does geology affect water supply
Infiltration of water like in the desert through permeable rock builds up groundwater supplies, much of Londons water supply comes from the chalk under the city
What is grey water
Used water without toxic chemicals, can be used for baths or watering plants
What is black water
Contaminated water with toxic chemicals, may be used for toilets or dishwashers
What are food miles
The distance food is transported from the time of production until it reaches the consumer
Impacts of importing food
Pollution which will lead to global warming, food wastage, lots of packaging, employment opportunities
How much food does the uk have to import that is consumed
55%
What makes the food imported cheaper
Globalisation, an LIC country would demand a lower price than if we were to grow it locally as they are more desperate
What is increasing the demand of food
People demand food out of season, people want exotic fruits/ foods
Where is Rajasthan located
North west India
How many litres can a Taanka hold
50,000 litres
How many villagers are without water in Rajasthan
15,000
How much of ground water is saltwater in Rajasthan
88%
Consequences of over irrigation
This results in water logging which isn’t effective and wastes a lot of water
Consequences of over abstraction from unregulated pumps
Ground water resources will dry up quicker, isn’t sustainable
2 main aims of the Wakel Basin project
Increase water supply and storage using appropriate local solution
Raise awareness and educate local communities of the need for effective management solutions
What is a taanka
Store for from monsoon season water which goes partly underground, cover prevents evaporation , coated in lime wash to prevent seapage into the soil
How long will a taanka last for one family
6 months
What is a Pat
Small dam called a bund diverts water from stream to fields, villagers take turn to irrigate crops
One benefit of the great man made river
Could last 1000 years
What does sustainable mean
Meeting the needs of with the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
What is fracking
Technique designed to recover gas and oil from shale rock by drilling
Advantages of fracking
Generate electricity at half the co2 emissions of coal
Disadvantages of fracking
Shale gas test triggers tremors, needs a lot of monitoring, need to apply for license or permit
Is fracking a renewable energy resource
No it will run out eventually
How many houses does a wind farm power
4.5 million houses
Advantages of a wind farm
Generates clean power, supports jobs and local economic growth, low cost, low carbon energy, reliable
Disadvantages of wind farms
Not very pretty, noisy, could harm wildlife
One advantage of agribusiness
Large scale farming which will increase yield so more money
What does energy mix refer to
Combination of various sources of energy and how much we use of them
What sources of energy does the UK rely on most
Natural gas, oil, wind
Advantages of solar energy
Renewable , silent, low maintenance, abundant, no carbon emissions
How much does a solar panel cost
£6000-£9000
What is the Paris agreement
Legally binding international treaty, its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees
How many parties in the Paris agreement
196
What is the Kyoto protocol
First international treaty, agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 5%
Advantages of disadvantages of coal
A- cheap and reliable
D- non renewable, lots of co2 emissions
Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy
A- doesn’t pollute as much co2, lots of energy produced
D- non renewable, produce radioactive waste, very expensive
What is a dam and reservoir
Dams control river flow and reservoir stores the water
Advantages and disadvantage of dams and reservoirs
A- allow flooding to be controlled, protects people, can have lots of fish in which attracts tourist
D- expensive to build , agricultural land may be lost in initial building of dam
Advantages and disadvantages of desalination
A- provides a reliable source of fresh water
D- uses a lot of energy required, increased energy needed means more expensive, produces more greenhouse gases, may be long distance for places that need them so water pipes must be built
What is rainwater harvesting
Collecting rain and storing in tanks
Advantages and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting
A- good for environment, easy to install, provides water in times of drought
D- little water to collect in hot climates, high initial cost
Advantages and disadvantages of an aquifer
A- no loss of water through evaporation, pumping doesn’t cost much
D- not always suitable for drinking, got to have certain rock type
How can limited infrastructure affect water supply
Poor standard of infrastructure means water can be contaminated which means the supply carries diesases
What is energy insecurity
Lack of energy
