Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of tropical rainforest soils

A

High in nutrients thin layer in the humus
Very deep (many layers )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the climate affect the soil in the TRF

A

The climate is very hot so the rate of decomposition happens quicker as a result. This means that there is more nutrients in the thin layer of the soil compared to a colder climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain how lianas has adapted to the TRF

A

Lianas grow up other trees to reach the sunlight to photosynthesise this is because there is a high amount of competition for sunlight on the forest floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why does energy get lost between each layer of the food web

A

Temperature
Excretion
Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How has the pitcher plant adapted

A

Lure animals in by having nectar inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conditions plants will have to adapt to in rainforest

A

Little sunlight
Lots of rainfall
Humid
Poor soil fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are buttress roots adapted

A

Roots spread above ground with shallow roots and a wide base this helps them with stability. The shallow roots mean they can get nutrients from the top layer of the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are drip tips adapted

A

Enable the rain to run off quickly this will help avoid growth of bacteria and fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does interdependence mean

A

The mutual dependence between components of the ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does biotic mean

A

Living thing (animals and plants )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is abiotic

A

No living things (rocks, water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adaptation of the mantid

A

Born with exceptional eyesight so they can see predators and prey easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the layers of the tropical rainforest in order (bottom to top)

A

Forest floor, under canopy, canopy, emergent layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the forest floor

A

Dead plants and animal matter decompose
Warm humid
Only 2% of sunlight reaches here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the under canopy

A

Only 5% of sunlight reaches here
Young trees
Little wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the canopy

A

Contains majority of large trees
Most biodiversity lives here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the emergent layer

A

Hot temp strong winds
Small no of trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Layers of the soil

A

Litter, humus, a horizon , b horizon, c horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the litter layer

A

Bundle of leaves, sticks, dead plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the humus layer

A

Very thin layer
Broken down litter decomposed
Very fertile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the A horizon

A

Dry
Nutrient poor
Orange in colour from being rich in iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the B horizon

A

Dry, nutrient poor
Orange in colour from being rich in iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is C horizon

A

Weathered eroded rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What percentage of worlds oxygen comes from rainforests

A

28%

25
Q

What percentage of worlds medicine comes from TRF

A

25%

26
Q

How can we manage rainforests sustainably

A

-selective logging and replanting
-education and conservation
- international agreements
- ecotourism

27
Q

What are the 3 parts of the nutrient cycle

A

Biomass, soil and humus, litter and detritus

28
Q

What is biomass in the nutrient cycle

A

Organic matter, living organisms such as plants and animals

29
Q

What is soil and humus in nutrient cycle

A

Organic component of soil formed by decomposition

30
Q

What is litter and detritus in the nutrient cycle

A

Waste and dead organic matter in the leaf litter

31
Q

Problems of ecotourism in TRF

A

Litter, co2 emissions from transport , animals could be harmed

32
Q

One reason why deforestation has decreased in some countries

A

International agreements

33
Q

How ecotourism is sustainably in tropical rainforests

A

Aims to educate visitors so increase their understanding and appreciation of plants and animals

34
Q

Opportunities of Svalbard

A

Tourism , fishing, mineral extraction and energy, scientific research

35
Q

Challenges of Svalbard

A

Construction, extreme temperatures, inaccessibility

36
Q

How is inaccessibility a challenge for the people of Svalbard

A

-can only be reached by plane or ship
-no roads serve the outlying communities
-remote

37
Q

How is extreme temperatures a promblem in Svalbard

A

Winter temperatures fall below -20 degrees
Some temperatures make it dangerous to work outside with a risk of frostbite

38
Q

How is fishing an opportunity for the people of Svalbard

A

150 species of fish here including herring and haddock
Waters also important for breeding and nursery grounds

39
Q

How is mineral extraction and energy an opportunity for the people of Svalbard

A

-has rich conserves of coal
-more than 300 people are employed in mines
-however government wants to invest in geothermal energy which is better for the environment

40
Q

How is construction a challenge for the people of Svalbard

A

-may forms of construction being carried out
-constructing and maintaining roads
-working outdoors however can become very demanding

41
Q

How is tourism am opportunity for Svalbard

A

-appeals to people to go to extreme places to take part in extreme events such as snow mobiles and safaris
-700,000 people visited in 2011

42
Q

Why do cold environments need protecting

A

Many indigenous people live here (Inuit in Alaska)
Home to biodiversity such as birds and animals like penguins and polar bears
Used for scientific research about global warming

43
Q

3 ways we can protect cold environments

A

Stop mass tourism, international agreements , education

44
Q

What are Greenpeace campaigning for in Antarctica

A

-purpose to promote conservation of natural environments
-Greenpeace campaigned to create world park by setting up a scientific base
-protected as a result of the biodiversity such as whales, penguins

45
Q

How long is trans Alaskan pipe line

A

800 miles

46
Q

How many barrels of oil have travelled though the trans Alaskan pipeline

A

18 billion barrels

47
Q

Design feature of trans Alaskan pipeline

A

-Raised off ground on stilts to prevent permafrost from melting because of the hot oil and allows animal migration such as caribou (3m off ground)
-Cleaned and maintain by PIGS which prevents any build up of water, wax or anything else and therefore oil pumps easier

48
Q

What is the Antarctic treaty

A

An agreement signed by 12 nations in which Antarctica has been made a demilitarised zone to be preserved for scientific research

49
Q

What are the tourist rules which help manage tourism in

A

-respect scientific research
-protect wildlife
-no litter

50
Q

Some aims that when you sign the Antarctic treaty you also sign into

A

-protection of all animals and plants
-ensure all waste is disposed without damaging environment
-to share scientific research

51
Q

How is bear berry adapted to cold environments

A

Low lying which enables it to survive strong winds, stems have thick bark for stability in windy conditions, small leathery leaves help retain water in dry environment

52
Q

Difference between food web and food chain

A

Food web has a number of connected food chain whereas a food chain consists of one straight line

53
Q

Example of human activity that might affect nutrient cycle

A

Deforestation, mining, farming

54
Q

Causes of deforestation in Malaysia

A

Largest exporter of oil, mining for metal ores

55
Q

Effects of deforestation

A

Malaysia lost 9% of its forests between 1990-2010

56
Q

How many tourists visited Svalbard

A

70,000

57
Q

How many km of roads in Svalbard

A

40 km

58
Q

Purpose of Antarctic treaty

A

No territorial claims
Share scientific research
Dispose of all waste products off continent
Protect all animals and plant life

Geography (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions