Urban Issues and challenges

Question 1

what are urban areas

Answer 1

built up areas like towns and cities

Question 2

what is a rural area

Answer 2

areas like countrysides that surround urban areas

Question 3

what are megacities

Answer 3

a place that has 10 million+ inhabitants

Question 4

what fraction of megacities are in LICs and NEEs

Answer 4

2/3

Question 5

what is rural to urban migration

Answer 5

when people from the countryside move to the city looking for better quality of life

Question 6

what is economic development

Answer 6

trading cities are a good place for business so grow economically which creates jobs which is a pull factor and these people help cities thrive

Question 7

what is natural increase

Answer 7

death rates are lower than birth rates

Question 8

what is urbanisation

Answer 8

the increase in the percentage of a population living in towns or cities

Question 9

examples of push factors

Answer 9

drought
poverty
conflict
mechanisation
poor healthcare
access to schools

Question 10

what is a push factor

Answer 10

push factors are negative things that make people want to move to a new area

Question 11

examples of pull factors

Answer 11

higher mages
jobs
electricity
clean water
better healthcare
access to schools

Question 12

what is a pull factor

Answer 12

pull factors are positive aspects that attract people to move to a place

Question 13

what is a cultural mix

Answer 13

when a county or place has one or more cultures living close together

Question 14

what is urban greening

Answer 14

planting trees and making more green spaces as well as increasing sustainability in order to protect the environment and increase the amount of wildlife in towns and cities

Question 15

what is environmental sustainability

Answer 15

protecting resources so that future generations can benefit from them

Question 16

what is social sustainability

Answer 16

making sure that local people are involved in decisions that improve their quality of life

Question 17

what is economic sustainability

Answer 17

making sure that local people benefit financially from projects in their local area

Question 18

what is urban deprivation

Answer 18

people in cities not having the same access to resources, services and opportunities as others

Question 19

what is the spiral of decline

Answer 19

when a sectoral challenge e.g de-industrialisation or decline in the primary sector in a rural area creating unemployment

Question 20

what is dereliction

Answer 20

when buildings fall into disuse - because the owners have died pr business has gone bankrupt

Question 21

what are brownfield sites

Answer 21

land that was used and fallen into dereliction

Question 22

what are greenfield sites

Answer 22

land that has never been built on

Question 23

what 4 positives about brownfield sites

Answer 23

eases pressure on greenfield sites
more sustainable
revives old inner city industrial areas
new employment opportunities
gentrification
providing public transport is easier
redevelopment results in more people coming to the area
easier to get planning permission

Question 24

what 4 negatives about brownfield sites

Answer 24

traffic congestion
contamination
traditional residents of the inner city won’t be able to afford homes due to gentrification
house prices would increase

Question 25

what 4 positives about greenfield sites

Answer 25

land is cheaper so plots can be bigger
better access so less congestion
easier to build on
pleasant countryside environment

Question 26

what 4 negatives about greenfield sites

Answer 26

new drainage, electricity and roads etc. would have to be built
not sustainable
sucks out the core from towns

Question 27

what is urban sprawl

Answer 27

the expansion of an urban area into the land that surrounds the city where there is more space for housing which is lower density

Question 28

what is the rural urban fringe

Answer 28

an area found on the edge of an urban area where urban and rural land uses are mixed such as housing estates, hospitals, golf courses and farm land that is usually under pressure from urban sprawl

Question 29

what is a commuter town

Answer 29

a town affected by London’s urban sprawl where people live who travel to a city and they reduce the problems of urban sprawl as it means that there is better transport systems and less residential space in London

Question 30

what is congestion

Answer 30

when there is too much traffic and movement is difficult - it costs businesses money for late deliveries, time wasted, people arriving late, increased air pollution and noise pollution

Question 31

what is a sustainable city

Answer 31

and urban area where residents have a way of life that will last a long time and the environment isn’t damaged, local people can earn an income and are involved in decision making