Rio Flashcards
why is Rio important regionally
it provides good jobs and education facilities e.g universities and has good heath care
where is Rio
Brazil
South America
South East Brazil
Atlantic coast
Southern hemisphere
why is Rio important nationally
it provides a good tourist destination
it gives lots of job opportunities therefore giving lots of resources and provides a good income and has good transport available
home to 42% of Brazil’s population so has a lot of influence over the country
why is Rio important nationally
it provides a good tourist destination
it gives lots of job opportunities therefore giving lots of resources and provides a good income and has good transport available
home to 42% of Brazil’s population so has a lot of influence over the country
why is Rio important internationally
it hosted the Olympics in 2016 which bought lots of tourism and provided international recognition as well as creating more jobs
home to the Rio de Janeiro stock exchange which trades government bonds and money so has good imports and exports so provides a good income as well as resources being provided to many countries in many different things
It is HQ for many companies so provides good income
why has to population of Rio grown
it is grown rapidly because of international migration and rural to urban migration and it attracts skilled and managerial workers for Europe and USA to work in TNCs
give 4 reasons how international migration has effected Rio’s growth
attracts skilled and managerial workers from USA and Europe to work in Trans National Corporations
the common language of Portuguese attracts migrants from Portugal
economic crisis in neighbouring Venezuela has seen Rio’s population rise as migrants seek new opportunities
Rio attracts international migrants from South Korea and China looking for new business opportunities
in 2004, Brazil made migration from Bolivia easier by establishing visa-free entry so the population grew as Bolivian migrants settled
migrants come to Rio from other South American countries such as Argentina and Bolivia to earn higher incomes
give 4 reasons how rural to urban migration has effected Rio’s growth
the Atlantic coast lakes and natural harbours have allowed trade and industry to flourish in Rio which creates economic opportunities
the North East of Brazil experiences long and frequent droughts, high temperatures and poor soil which combine to make it difficult to grow crops and these harsh living and farming conditions push people off the land and towards cities like Rio
the Sertao area in Brazil’s eastern interior has few mineral or energy reserves, communications and transportation are poor and the basic services of health, education, clean water and electricity are lacking and these push factors mean people leave looking for greater opportunities in places like Rio
there is a lot of migration from poor rural areas in North East Brazil and Amazonia where economic and social opportunities are limited so pushes people away
Rio has lots of hospitals and schools which creates social opportunities for migrants from surrounding rural areas who are attracted to the city by pull factors
The development of the Amazon and construction of large-scale hydroelectric power plants has forced thousands of people off their land and have moved to cities like Rio
Rio has grown rapidly in the last 50 years to become a major industrial, administrative and commercial tourist centre which has created economic and social opportunities which have attracted migrants from surrounding rural areas
give a reason how natural increase has effected Rio’s growth
Brazil has a high rate of natural increase at 0.82% per year and Rio’s is even higher at 0.9% per year because cities have a younger population and more people in their fertile years
give 4 reasons how the environment has effected Rio’s growth
the Atlantic coast lakes and natural harbours have allowed trade and industry to flourish in Rio which creates economic opportunities
the North East of Brazil experiences long and frequent droughts, high temperatures and poor soil which combine to make it difficult to grow crops and these harsh living and farming conditions push people off the land and towards cities like Rio
the Sertao area in Brazil’s eastern interior has few mineral or energy reserves, communications and transportation are poor and the basic services of health, education, clean water and electricity are lacking and these push factors mean people leave looking for greater opportunities in places like Rio
there is a lot of migration from poor rural areas in North East Brazil and Amazonia where economic and social opportunities are limited so pushes people away
Rio has lots of hospitals and schools which creates social opportunities for migrants from surrounding rural areas who are attracted to the city by pull factors
The development of the Amazon and construction of large-scale hydroelectric power plants has forced thousands of people off their land and have moved to cities like Rio
health reasons for moving to Rio
There are nearly 105 hospitals in Rio with nearly 30,000 hospital beds
Healthcare in Rio has improved rapidly in comparison to other areas in Brazil which has improved Rio’s life expectancy to 77 years in comparison to 73 years in other areas in Brazil
Infant mortality rates are lower in Rio than the rest of Brazil at 6.2 per 1000 compared to 18 per 1000
Rio has more teaching hospitals than anywhere else in Brazil, so doctors are more qualified
education reasons for moving to Rio
Rio has more teaching hospitals than anywhere else in Brazil, so doctors are more qualified
In Rio, education is free and Rio contains 19 of the top 50 schools in the country and there are many private schools
There are over 1000 primary schools and nearly 400 secondary schools which has enabled 95% of children aged 10 and above in the city to be literate which is higher than the national average of 78%
There are six major universities in Rio, including the Federal University of Rio - world famous for some subjects
Children living in the slums are able to attend school everyday for free - usually only for a morning or afternoon session though
water reasons for moving to Rio
75% of Rio’s sewage is treated compared to Brazil’s average of 39% making water supplies cleaner
Over 300kms of new water pipes have been laid as part of the city improvements for the World Cup and Olympics
Seven new water treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014 to respond to the growth in city population
95% of the population has mains water supply in Rio de Janeiro compared with only 65% of the rural population in the rest of Brazil
Rio has spent six years developing a new 2 billion dollar hydro electric power station at Simplico which has increased the electricity supply by 30% to the city
energy reasons for moving to Rio
Rio has spent six years developing a new 2 billion dollar hydro electric power station at Simplico which has increased the electricity supply by 30% to the city
Electricity supplies have been improved by installing 60kms of new power lines and building a new nuclear generator
In rural northern Brazil 1 in 4 homes do not have access to an electricity supply and in Rio, 99% of the city has access to the power grid
People living in the poorest areas of Rio have electricity - although they often get it illegally by tapping into the main supply
living challenges in Rio
slums / squatter settlements spring up everywhere
houses are made up of scrap metal and cardboard
lots of landslides e.g in 2010 200 people died and 13000 houses were destroyed
health challenges in Rio
50% have no sewage system and it means that diseases e.g cholera and typhoid spread quickly due to a high population density
30% have no energy
12% have no running water
due to steep slopes, there’s limited road access
education challenges in Rio
20% unemployed
25% children don’t go to school and only half of children stay in school past 14
16% of people are illiterate
55% have local clinics and there’s little healthcare
life expectancy is 45
environmental challenges in Rio
due to narrow streets, there is lots of rubbish
lots of people burn rubbish which poses a risk to the cardboard homes and emits a lot of smoke
there’s air pollution due to a lot of cars
there’s water pollution
there’s sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide
what is the issue with air pollution and traffic congestion
it causes 5000 deaths per year and the city is often covered in brown smug
this is because heavy traffic and congestion on roads causes build up of exhaust fumes and because the mist from the Atlantic mixes with vehicle exhaust fumes and pollutants from factory chimneys
how is air pollution and traffic congestion being managed
an expansion of the metro system under Guanabara Bay
new toll roads into the city centre to reduce congestion
making coast roads one-way during rush hours to improve traffic flow
facts about air pollution and traffic congestion
high crime levels mean that many people prefer to travel by car
steep mountains mean that roads can only be built on coastal lowland and main transport routes become very congested
tunnels are needed through the mountains to connect different areas of the city
Rio is the most congested city in South America
traffic congestion increases stress and pollution levels and wastes time for commuters and businesses
the number of cars in Rio has grown by 40% in the last decade
what is the issue with water pollution
Guanabara Bay is highly polluted, causing a major threat to wildlife and there is a danger that water pollution could affect Ipamena and Capacabana Beaches which would damage tourism and the local economy
facts about water pollution
commercial fishing has declined by 90% in the last 20 years
Over 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters Guanabara Bay each day
Many of the 55 rivers flowing into Guanabara Bay are heavily polluted
Ships empty their fuels tanks into Guanabara Bay because there are no facilities to dispose of the fuel properly
200 tonnes of raw sewage flows into Guanabara Bay each day - some of it from the open sewers and favelas
There have been oil spills from the Petrobras oil refinery
how is water pollution being managed
