Urban Issues and Challenges Flashcards
Air Pollution
Extremely small particles and gases in the air which can cause harm if you breathe them in.
Brownfield Site
Previously developed land, which is or was occupied by a permanent structure.
Commuter settlements
A place where people live and travel elsewhere for work.
Deprivation
An area where people have a lower standard of life than average - lacking money and access to services and quality housing.
Economic Opportunities
Access to education, training, guidance, and connections required to successfully achieve economic security and independence.
Slum/shanty/town/favela
A highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed poor quality housing.
Formal Economy
Economic activities operating legally, paying taxes on all generated incomes.
Global City
An urban centre that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system.
Greenfield Site
Undeveloped land in an urban or rural area either used for agriculture or landscape design.
Inequality
Unequal and/or unjust distribution of resources and opportunities among members of a given society.
Informal Economy
Diversified set of economic activities, enterprises, jobs, and workers that are not regulated or protected by the state.
Land Use
The exploitation of land and its resources.
Megacities
An urban area with a population of 10 million or more people.
Migration
Movement of people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location.
Natural Increase
A growth in the population when the birth rate is naturally higher than the death rate.
Pull Factors
Being attracted to a new location for positive reasons.
Push Factors
Being forced away from a settlement for negative reasons.
Quality of life
The level of health, happiness and comfort that an individual or group experience.
Regeneration
Land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities.
Rural - Urban Migration
People move from villages to settle in cities in hope of gaining a better standard of living.
Sanitation
Public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human excrement and sewage.
Service Industry / Tertiary
The third tier sector comprised of service based jobs.
Standard of Living
Level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socio-economic class.
Sustainability
Progress that meets the needs of the current population without compromising the ability of future generations to also meet their needs.
Traffic Congestion
A build-up of traffic on roads.
Urban sprawl
The unrestricted, outward growth in many urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land.
