Urban Growth Flashcards by William Goddard

What does urban mean

A town or cities

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What is urban growth

The physical expansion of urban areas

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What is the minimum population of a mega city

10000000( 10 million )

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What is are the 2 main reasons for urban growth

rural to urban migration
natural increase

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What is natural increase

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

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What is rural to urban migration

When people move from rural areas to urban areas

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What state is Mumbai in

Maharashtra

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What is a pull factor

A positive that attracts you to a new area

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What is a push factor

A negative that make you want to leave a location

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What is a pull factor in Mumbai

higher/ secondary education
tertiary jobs ( better pay )
better healthcare
join family
better infrastructure

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What are push factors in Maharashtra to move to Mumbai

droughts
low paying jobs( farming )
poor infrastructure

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Why are NEE and LIC cities growing faster than HIC cities

they have a higher birth rate
young families are moving to the cities

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Why are HIC cities growing slower than LIC and NEE cities

Women are in higher paying jobs and prioritising their careers
People are moving away from the city as they can commute

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How many 1 room factories are there in Dharavi

15000

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What is urban planning

Improving housing, sanitation, water supply, offices, road networks, etc

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What is urban poor

People who live in slums

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What is the geology of Kensington and Chelsea

Clay ( soft rock )

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What is the average income for a resident of Kensington and Chelsea

£128,000

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How much waste (Kg) does each Londoner produce each year

428.8Kg (Two grizzly bears)

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How many rubbish trucks are there in London?

Over 50,000

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How many tonnes of rubbish is collected every day in London

85,000 tonnes

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Where does waste collected in London go

Incinerators or landfills ( mucking marsh)

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Where is Mucking Marsh

Thames estuary

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How large is Mucking Marsh

1 square mile

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How many tonnes of waste is added to Mucking Marsh every year

60 million

Where is recycled waste shipped back too

China

What is the urban change that caused increase in waste in London

Increasing population of London

What 2 products do landfill produce

Leachate Methane

What happens to methane that isn’t captured (land fill)

It escapes into the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect

How does leachate escape landfill

Hole is punctuated in the liner Hole melted through the liner Piping gets clogged and bursts

What is released when rubbish is burned in incinerators

CO2

What can happen if leachate leaks

Infect/ contaminate water sources

What percentage of residents of Kensington and Chelsea are unemployed

4.3% (below average)

Where is Tower hamlets in % of unemployment in London

6.4% (third lowest)

What percentage of Kensington and Chelsea adult residents are obese

14%

What percentage of tower hamlets residents are overweight/obese

33% overweight 30% obese

What percentage of pupils in tower hamlets got 5-9 in English and Maths

44%

What percentage of pupils in Kensington and Chelsea achieved 5-9 in maths and English

75%

What is the average property price in Kensington and Chelsea

£2,145,389

What is the average property price in Tower Hamlets

£509,000

What is smog

Smoke + fog

How much did the slum sanitation project cost

$300 million

What was the charity that donated to the slum sanitation project

USAid

What % of donations did USAid donate

35%

What % of donations did the world bank make to the slum sanitation project

65%

When did the slum sanitation project start

1995

How many toilets were made in the slum sanitation project

5100

What are the 2 types of urban planning

Top down Bottom up

What type of urban planning is the Mumbai Slum Rehabilitation Project

Top down

What is the type of urban planning in the slum sanitation project

Bottom up

What is a top down urban planning

Government decide what to do

What is a bottom up urban planning

Local people can do it for themselves, often with help from NGO’s

What percentage of the housing in the Mumbai rehabilitation scheme will be donated to the original residents

30%

What is a brownfield side

Land that has previously been had a permanent structure built on it

What is a greenfield sight

Open fields and green space ( e.g. green belt )

What does ITS stand for

Integrated Transport Systems

What is the urban heat island effect

Where urban areas are hotter than their surroundings as a result of factors such as cars, buildings and AC units

What urban change causes the urban heat island effect

Population growth

What is an environmental opportunity in urban areas

Urban greening

How many bees and bird species has the Javits convention centre brought to NYC

300,000 bees / 25 bird species

What is an urban change in London that brings people to Kensington and Chelsea

Migration

What is the name of the railway project that goes across London

Crossrail

How much did crossrail cost

18.8 billion

Where is the Olympic park in London

North of the Thames East of the central city Between tower hamlets and Newham

What are economic benefits of the Olympic park

Stratford received a new tube station Improved infrastructure Olympics brought more than £9bn of investment to east London which went into transport. However the London olympics brought more than £14.2bn to the country

What are environmental benefits of the Olympic park

Stadiums made of 25% recycled materials Olympic park predominantly built on brownfield site(560 acres) River Lea cleaned up and water quality improved Green space created on river banks

What are social benefits of the Olympic park

Athletes village has been turned into a housing estate, 40% (2,818 houses) are affordable Opened a new school in the area Aquatics centre used as community facilities Unemployment fell over the period

What are economic drawbacks of the Olympic park

Olympic stadium is estimated to cost 3 times the original estimate ( £701 overall ) The total bill for the olympics was £8.77bn of tax money (£5bn over budget) Existing businesses had to move Rent and property prices went up

What are environmental drawbacks of the Olympic park

Much wildlife had to be relocated (4000 smooth newts, 100 toads, 300 common lizards, and fish) Materials for the stadiums came from overseas The games produced 3.3 million tonnes of CO2

What are social drawbacks of the Olympic park

Affordable housing still unaffordable for poorest households Tower hamlets employment went down during the games Few jobs were made for locals during construction Many boroughs around the park are still in poverty Properties for poorer people were demolished