Ecosytems

Question 1

What adaptations do plants in rainforests have that helps rainwater fall off of them

Answer 1

Drip tip

Question 2

Why are drip tips important

Answer 2

If too much water builds up on a leaf leading to damage( this limits the amount of photosynthesis providing energy to the plant meaning it can’t grow)

Question 3

What is the name of the roots of trees in the emergent/canopy layer( kapok trees7

Answer 3

Buttress roots

Question 4

Why are buttress roots so important

Answer 4

They help keep tall trees such as kapok trees to stay up in the high winds

Question 5

Why do plants in the canopy/ emergent layer have small leaves

Answer 5

to retain water

Question 6

Why do plants on the forest floor have large leaves

Answer 6

So they can absorb more sunlight to photosynthesis

Question 7

How much sunlight reaches the forest floor

Answer 7

2%

Question 8

What is the order in a food chain

Answer 8

Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, apex predator

Question 9

What 4 things do animals in the rainforest have to adapt to

Answer 9

1. Light levels
2. Wind
   3.preditors
   4.rainfall

Question 10

What is the order of layers of the rainforest

Answer 10

Highest ^ emergent
| cannopy
| under canopy
Lowest | forest floor

Question 11

Where does the trans-Alaskan pipeline start

Answer 11

Prudhoe bay

Question 12

Where does the trans-Alaskan pipeline end

Answer 12

Port of Valdez

Question 13

How long is the trans Alaskan pipeline

Answer 13

800 miles

Question 14

How many jobs has the trans Alaskan pipeline created

Answer 14

100000

Question 15

How much longer is the trans Alaskan pipeline than it needs to be and why

Answer 15

11 miles so it can expand during the summer

Question 16

How many feet can the trans Alaskan pipeline move horizontally

Answer 16

20 feet

Question 17

What are the reasons for deforestation in Malaysia

Answer 17

• commercial farming ( e.g. palm oil, live stock,etc )
• logging ( provide wood supply )
• settlements
• energy development ( e.g. hydro electric power )
• Mining

Question 18

When did transmigration happen between in Malaysia and why?

Answer 18

Between 1956-1980 because the government wanted poor people living in urban environments to move out to the countryside

Question 19

How much land was lost during the 1956-1980 transmigration in Malaysia

Answer 19

15000 hectares

Question 20

What is clear felling

Answer 20

Removing all trees in an area

Question 21

What is selective logging

Answer 21

Only fully grown ,specific types of trees

Question 22

What is the name of the dam in Malaysian Borneo rainforest called

Answer 22

Bakun dam

Question 23

What area of land is covered by the Bakun dam’s reservoir

Answer 23

700km^2

Question 24

What is an ecosystem

Answer 24

A natural system made up of living and not living parts

Question 25

Define biotic

Answer 25

Living ( e.g. plants, animals )

Question 26

Define abiotic

Answer 26

Not living ( e.g. water, sun, detritus )

Question 27

What is a food web

Answer 27

Food webs show the link between food chains

Question 28

Define food chain

Answer 28

Shows the link between consumers and producers

Question 29

What is a producer

Answer 29

A plant that photosynthesise

Question 30

What is a consumer

Answer 30

Eat plants/other animals

Question 31

What is a decomposer

Answer 31

Decomposers break down dead organic material into nutrients

Question 32

What is the transfer of nutrients through an ecosystem known as?

Answer 32

The nutrients cycle

Question 33

Why is decomposition high in a rainforest

Answer 33

Hot and wet conditions ( humid )

Question 34

What is a biome

Answer 34

areas of the planet with a similar climate and landscape, where similar animals and plants live

Question 35

Describe the distribution of rainforests

Answer 35

Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn ( between 23.5 degrees north and 23.5 degrees south of the equator )

Question 36

Where are cold environments found

Answer 36

In the arctic circle ( 66.5 degrees N ) or Antarctic circle ( 66.5 degrees south )

Question 37

What system leads to the formation of rainforest

Answer 37

Low pressure systems

Question 38

Define fauna

Answer 38

Animals

Question 39

Define flora

Answer 39

Plants

Question 40

List the components of a food chain in order

Answer 40

Top ^apex predictor |tertiary consumer |secondary consumer |primary consumer |producer

Question 41

Explain what nutrient cycling

Answer 41

Cycle of nutrients between animals and plants in the biomass

Question 42

What is the soil in rain forest called

Answer 42

Latosols (iron rich )

Question 43

How much average annual rainfall is there per year in a rainforest

Answer 43

200mm/year

Question 44

How long does soil have to be continuously frozen for to be considered permafrost

Answer 44

2 years

Question 45

What is the definition of sustainability

Answer 45

Development that **meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their own needs**

Question 46

What are the 4 ways to sustainably manage rainforests

Answer 46

Selective logging Education & conservation International agreements Ecotourism

Question 47

What are some examples of international agreements and when were they founded

Answer 47

UN agreement- 2007 FSC- 1993

Question 48

What are the main qualities of ecotourism

Answer 48

Small number of people Doesn’t damage/interrupt flora/fauna