Ecosytems Flashcards

1
Q

What adaptations do plants in rainforests have that helps rainwater fall off of them

A

Drip tip

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2
Q

Why are drip tips important

A

If too much water builds up on a leaf leading to damage( this limits the amount of photosynthesis providing energy to the plant meaning it can’t grow)

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3
Q

What is the name of the roots of trees in the emergent/canopy layer( kapok trees7

A

Buttress roots

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4
Q

Why are buttress roots so important

A

They help keep tall trees such as kapok trees to stay up in the high winds

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5
Q

Why do plants in the canopy/ emergent layer have small leaves

A

to retain water

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6
Q

Why do plants on the forest floor have large leaves

A

So they can absorb more sunlight to photosynthesis

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7
Q

How much sunlight reaches the forest floor

A

2%

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8
Q

What is the order in a food chain

A

Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, apex predator

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9
Q

What 4 things do animals in the rainforest have to adapt to

A
  1. Light levels
  2. Wind
    3.preditors
    4.rainfall
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10
Q

What is the order of layers of the rainforest

A

Highest ^ emergent
| cannopy
| under canopy
Lowest | forest floor

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11
Q

Where does the trans-Alaskan pipeline start

A

Prudhoe bay

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12
Q

Where does the trans-Alaskan pipeline end

A

Port of Valdez

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13
Q

How long is the trans Alaskan pipeline

A

800 miles

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14
Q

How many jobs has the trans Alaskan pipeline created

A

100000

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15
Q

How much longer is the trans Alaskan pipeline than it needs to be and why

A

11 miles so it can expand during the summer

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16
Q

How many feet can the trans Alaskan pipeline move horizontally

A

20 feet

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17
Q

What are the reasons for deforestation in Malaysia

A
  • commercial farming ( e.g. palm oil, live stock,etc )
  • logging ( provide wood supply )
  • settlements
  • energy development ( e.g. hydro electric power )
  • Mining
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18
Q

When did transmigration happen between in Malaysia and why?

A

Between 1956-1980 because the government wanted poor people living in urban environments to move out to the countryside

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19
Q

How much land was lost during the 1956-1980 transmigration in Malaysia

A

15000 hectares

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20
Q

What is clear felling

A

Removing all trees in an area

21
Q

What is selective logging

A

Only fully grown ,specific types of trees

22
Q

What is the name of the dam in Malaysian Borneo rainforest called

23
Q

What area of land is covered by the Bakun dam’s reservoir

24
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

A natural system made up of living and not living parts

25
Define biotic
Living ( e.g. plants, animals )
26
Define abiotic
Not living ( e.g. water, sun, detritus )
27
What is a food web
Food webs show the link between food chains
28
Define food chain
Shows the link between consumers and producers
29
What is a producer
A plant that photosynthesise
30
What is a consumer
Eat plants/other animals
31
What is a decomposer
Decomposers break down dead organic material into nutrients
32
What is the transfer of nutrients through an ecosystem known as?
The nutrients cycle
33
Why is decomposition high in a rainforest
Hot and wet conditions ( humid )
34
What is a biome
areas of the planet with a similar climate and landscape, where similar animals and plants live
35
Describe the distribution of rainforests
Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn ( between 23.5 degrees north and 23.5 degrees south of the equator )
36
Where are cold environments found
In the arctic circle ( 66.5 degrees N ) or Antarctic circle ( 66.5 degrees south )
37
What system leads to the formation of rainforest
Low pressure systems
38
Define fauna
Animals
39
Define flora
Plants
40
List the components of a food chain in order
Top ^apex predictor |tertiary consumer |secondary consumer |primary consumer |producer
41
Explain what nutrient cycling
Cycle of nutrients between animals and plants in the biomass
42
What is the soil in rain forest called
Latosols (iron rich )
43
How much average annual rainfall is there per year in a rainforest
200mm/year
44
How long does soil have to be continuously frozen for to be considered permafrost
2 years
45
What is the definition of sustainability
Development that **meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their own needs**
46
What are the 4 ways to sustainably manage rainforests
Selective logging Education & conservation International agreements Ecotourism
47
What are some examples of international agreements and when were they founded
UN agreement- 2007 FSC- 1993
48
What are the main qualities of ecotourism
Small number of people Doesn’t damage/interrupt flora/fauna
49