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GEG 110 > URBAN GEOGRAPHY > Flashcards

URBAN GEOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

CITY

A

an agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics

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2
Q

CULTURAL HEARTH

A

source area from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond

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3
Q

FIRST URBAN REVOLUTION

A

the initial innovation of living in cities

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4
Q

SIX URBAN HEARTHS

A

tied closely to the hearths of agriculture they include:
- Mesopotamia
- Nile River Valley
- Indus River Valley
- Huang He (Yellow River and Wei Valleys)
- Mesoamerica
- Peru

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5
Q

PERCENTAGE OF WORLD POPULATION

A

57% Urban in World

79% More Developed —> 53% Less Developed —> 35% Least Developed

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6
Q

URBANIZATION

A

the percent of the population living in urban areas

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7
Q

URBAN GROWTH RATE

A

the rate at which the urban population is growing

Example: USA is 1%

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8
Q

MEGACITIES

A

very large cities exceeding populations of 10 million that act as centers of gravity for migrants

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9
Q

US CENSUS AND URBANIZATION

A

the definition of an urban area has changed from 2,500 to 5,000

Note: Examine Data Cautiously due to Change

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10
Q

WORLD CITIES

A

function at the global scale and beyond the reach of state borders as nodes of the world economy

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11
Q

NODE

A

place where action and interaction occurs

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12
Q

GLOBAL SLUM

A

informal settlement in a city with poor living conditions and lack of basic services

Example: Mumbai

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13
Q

HUTMENT FACTORY

A

center of entrepreneurship where slum residents sew clothing, recycle plastic or cardboard, build products, and provide services

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14
Q

INFORMAL ECONOMY

A

not taxed and not counted towards a country’s GNI

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15
Q

URBAN MORPHOLOGY

A

a city’s layout including the sizes and shapes of buildings, transportation routes, and infrastructure

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16
Q

FUNCTIONAL ZONATION

A

the division of a city into different regions by use or purpose

Example: Residential versus Industrial

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17
Q

SITE

A

physical attributes of a place (absolute location)

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18
Q

SITUATION

A

location relative to surrounding areas

Note: Changes with Time

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19
Q

FALL LINE CITIES

A

boats can come up rivers to certain points but eventually they must be moved to land vehicles

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20
Q

RANK SIZE RULE (ZIPF’S RULE)

A

the population of a city will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy

Example: 2nd Ranked City will have 1/2 the Population of the 1st (Belgium)

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21
Q

PRIMATE CITY

A

country’s largest city established by Jefferson’s criteria that it must be:
- Disproportionately Large
- Expressive of National Culture
- Usually the Capital

Examples: Mexico City, Oslo, Managua, Stockholm

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22
Q

BINARY CITY DISTRIBUTION

A

occurs where there are two very large cities of almost equal size within a country

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23
Q

HINTERLAND

A

means ”country behind” and is typically the service area behind an urban center

24
Q

PRIMARY SECTOR

A

Agricultural Location Theory

Agriculture, Mining, Forestry, Fishing

25
Q

SECONDARY SECTOR

A

Industrial Location Theory

Industry

26
Q

TERTIARY SECTOR

A

Central Place Theory

Retail, Services

27
Q

CENTRAL PLACE

A

a city, town, village, or other clustered settlement that provides goods and services to non-urban areas around it

28
Q

RANGE

A

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to buy a good or service

29
Q

THRESHOLD

A

the minimum number of people needed to support the offering of a good or service

30
Q

TRIANGULAR LATTICE

A

all central places are equidistant from each other

31
Q

HEXAGONAL MARKET AREAS (MARKET PRINCIPLE)

A
  • high order goods are sold in cities and low order goods are sold in villages
  • large places are far from each other
32
Q

TRANSPORT PRINCIPLE

A

if one travels from one city to the next, one does not pass through any of the towns

33
Q

ADMINISTRATIVE PRINCIPLE

A

if the city is the capital of the area, having borders go through the towns would not make sense

34
Q

HOTELLING MODEL (AGGLOMERATION OF ACTIVITIES)

A

business should be equidistant from the center, edges, and one another

35
Q

CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

A

key economic zone of a city

36
Q

CENTRAL CITY

A

older part of a city surrounding or near the CBD

37
Q

SUBURB

A

an outlying and primarily residential area on the outskirts of a city

38
Q

SUBURBANIZATION

A

when lands once outside the urban area are transformed into urban areas

Example: Farmland into Shopping Mall

39
Q

BURGESS CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL

A

Zone 1: Central Business District (Contains Subdistricts)
Zone 2: Zone of Transition (Residential Deterioration)
Zone 3: Zone of Independent Worker’s Homes
Zone 4: Zone of Better Residences (Middle Class)
Zone 5: Commuter’s Zone

40
Q

HOYT SECTOR MODEL

A

city grows outwards from the center, divided into pie-like sectors

Core, Low-Rent Residential, Intermediate-Rent Residential, High-Rent Residential, Education and Recreation, Transportation, and Industrial

41
Q

HARRIS-ULLMAN MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL

A

recognizes that the CBD is losing its dominant position as the single nucleus of the urban area

Central Business District, Low-Class Residential, Middle-Class Residential, High-Class Residential, Outlying Business District, Wholesale, Industrial Suburb, Heavy Manufacturing, Residential Suburb

42
Q

EDGE CITIES

A

large urban areas with extensive space for offices and retail businesses on the outskirts of major cities

43
Q

GRIFFIN-FORD MODEL

A

Law of the Indies dictates width of streets and plazas

Favelas and Barrios branch off as radial sectors

Commercial Spine is surrounded by the elite residential sector

44
Q

ZONE OF MATURITY (GF MODEL)

A

has the oldest housing and best transportation links to the CBD, including areas of gentrification

45
Q

ZONE OF IN SITU ACCRETION (GF MODEL)

A

middle class and transitional zone

46
Q

ZONE OF PERIPHERAL SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS (GF MODEL)

A

includes migrants from rural areas

Note: Income Decreases with Distance from CBD

47
Q

DISAMENITY SECTOR

A

very poorest areas that are not connected to city services and may be run by gangs or drug lords who facilitate the informal economy

48
Q

ZONING LAWS

A

divide up cities and designate the kinds of development allowed in each zone

49
Q

REDLINING

A

now-illegal practice where the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation and banks would draw red lines on maps around predominantly black neighborhoods and refuse to offer mortgages to anyone in the area

50
Q

BLOCKBUSTING

A

realtors soliciting white residents to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was being infiltrated by black residents

51
Q

WHITE FLIGHT

A

movement of whites from the city and adjacent neighborhoods to the outlying suburbs

52
Q

GENTRIFICATION

A

the renewal or rebuilding of lower-income neighborhoods into middle or upper-class neighborhoods, usually involving cleaning streets

53
Q

GENTRIFICATION FACTS

A
  • Childless Couples and Single People are Growing
  • Importance of Downtown Sports Arena
  • America Facing Homelessness Problem
  • Increased Housing Prices
54
Q

URBAN SPRAWL

A

unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning

55
Q

NEW URBANISM

A

reform to create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs

56
Q

CITY LIVABILITY INDEX

A

tool to help companies assign hardship allowances considering stability, health care, culture, environment, education, and infrastructure

GEG 110 (9 decks)

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