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GEG 110 > DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

DEVELOPMENT LEVELS

A
  1. Developed Countries (DCs)
  2. Less Developed Countries (LDCs)
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2
Q

WORLD LEVELS

A
  1. First World (Capitalist)
  2. Second World (Communist or Socialist)
  3. Third World (Less Developed)
  4. Fourth World (Severely Underdeveloped)
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3
Q

ECONOMIC LEVELS

A
  1. High-Income
  2. Upper-Middle-Income
  3. Lower-Middle-Income
  4. Low-Income
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4
Q

GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT

A

the total value of officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year

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5
Q

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

A

encompasses only goods and services produced within a country in a given year

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6
Q

GROSS NATIONAL INCOME

A

monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income from investments outside the country minus income payments to other countries

Note: Only Measures Formal Economy transactions

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7
Q

GNI PURCHASING POWER PARITY

A

the total value of all goods and services produced in a country divided by its population

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8
Q

INEQUALITY IN US

A

5% of Households own 2/3 of America’s Total Wealth

The Richest 1% of Americans Gained $7 Trillion during COVID

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9
Q

WORKER PRODUCTIVITY

A

analyzes the number of workers relative to amount of production in a given sector to reveal efficiency

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10
Q

DIGITAL DIVIDE

A

caused by lack of internet access in less developed countries

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11
Q

DEPENDENCY RATIO

A

measure of the number of dependents in the population relative to every 100 people of working age

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12
Q

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

A

quantifies aspects of human development as a composite index of life expectancy, education, and income

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13
Q

WALT ROSTOW’S MODERNIZATION MODEL

A

assumes countries follow a similar path of development through stages:

  1. Traditional (Subsistence Farming)
  2. Preconditions for Takeoff (New Leadership)
  3. Takeoff (Industrial Revolution Like)
  4. Drive to Maturity (Tech Diffuses and Trade Expands)
  5. High Mass Consumption (High Incomes and Widespread Production)
  6. Beyond Consumption
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14
Q

NEOCOLONIALISM

A

The major world powers continue to control the economies of the poorer countries, even though they are now politically independent states

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15
Q

STRUCTURALIST THEORY

A

large-scale economic arrangements shape what is possible for a country’s development in fundamental ways

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16
Q

DEPENDENCY THEORY

A

the political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of lower-income areas

17
Q

DOLLARIZATION

A

the process of adopting the US dollar as a country’s currency

18
Q

BREAK-OF-BULK LOCATIONS

A

important nodes where goods traded on one node of transport are transported to another mode of transport

Example: Timbuktu (Camel to Boat)

19
Q

COMMODITY CHAIN (SUPPLY CHAIN)

A

series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution that are involved in the creation of a final product that is bought and sold on the market

20
Q

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (IFIs)

A

governments influence development through investments, alliances, trade deals, and purchases, as well as foreign aid and support for international financial institutions and investment banks

Note: We Give Aid to Stop Refugees

21
Q

US FOREIGN AID

A

most of America’s foreign aid to Israel has historically been for military purposes

22
Q

WORLD BANK AND IMF

A

the post-World War II Bretton Woods Conference created them to promote economic reconstruction, free trade, and economic exchange

23
Q

CHINA DEVELOPMENT BANK

A

established in 1944 and is one of the four largest banks in the world

Note: Chinese Loans are More Serious

24
Q

SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT

A
  • High Birth Rates
  • Low Life Expectancies at Birth
  • High Infant Mortality Rates
  • Lack of Sanitation
  • Unsafe Water
  • Healthcare is Poor
  • Education is Poor
  • Trafficking
25
Q

POLITICAL CORRUPTION AND DEVELOPMENT

A

a wide divide often exists between the very wealthy and the poor due to corruption and the issue of democracy versus autocracy

26
Q

SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

A

offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade agreements to foreign firms

27
Q

DESERTIFICATION

A

results from humans destroying native vegetation and eroding soils through the overuse of lands for livestock grazing or crop production

28
Q

TOURISM INDUSTRY

A

Negatives: Local Resentment, Debasement of Culture, Few Dollars to Local Economy, Cruise Ships have Own Ports

Positives: Leasing and Growing Industry, Allow Air Connections, Non-Polluting

29
Q

APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION

A

created to develop Appalachia through investment in roads, schools, health care, water, and sewer systems

30
Q

ISLANDS OF DEVELOPMENT

A

when a government or corporation builds up and concentrates economic development in a certain city or small region

31
Q

MICROCREDIT PROGRAMS

A

give loans to poor people, particularly women, to encourage development of small businesses

GEG 110 (9 decks)

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