Urban Futures Flashcards
Define ‘urbanisation’
The growth of the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas
What is the rate of urbanisation like in ACs?
In AC’s, most people already live in cities, in fact many desire a better quality of life so move to the suburbs. The result is a very slow rate of urbanisation.
What is the rate of urbanisation like in LIDCs?
In general, the rate of urbanisation is highest in LIDC’s.
What is the rate of urbanisation like in EDCs
The rate can vary.
What is a megacity?
An urban area with over 10 million people living there
What is a world city?
A city that has influence over the whole world. They have centres for trade and business.
What was the distribution of megacities in 1950 compared to 2014?
There were only 2 megacities in 1950, Tokyo and New York
By 2014, there were 28, with over 2/3 of them being in poorer countries
Give 4 examples of push factors for urbanisation
- natural disasters
- mechanisation
- drought
- conflict
Give 4 examples of pull factors for urbanisation
- more jobs
- better health care + education
- to join other family members
- better quality of life
Give 2 reasons why internal growth is high in cities
- good health care meaning low death rate
- lots of young people meaning high birth rate
Give 2 economic consequences of rapid urbanisation
- not enough jobs
- may not have access to education meaning they cant get good jobs
Give 2 social consequences of rapid urbanisation
- housing issues
- high levels of crime
Give 2 environmental consequences of rapid urbanisation
- rubbish often isn’t collected
- high levels of pollution
Define ‘suburbanisation’
The movement of people from city centres to the outskirts
Give 3 examples of push factors for suburbanisation
- urban areas can be over crowded
- deindustrialisation
- increased unemployment
Give 3 examples of pull factors for suburbanisation
- lower population density
- relaxed planning laws
- cheaper housing/rent
- improved public transport
Give 2 social consequences of suburbanisation
- derelict buildings in city centres
- wealthy people often suburbanise leaving the poor, causing a sort of segregation
Give 2 environmental consequences of suburbanisation
- new estates often built on open countryside
- more people have to travel further to work increasing pollution
Give 2 economic consequences of suburbanisation
- businesses in cities close
- unemployment increases
Define ‘Counter-Urbanisation’
The movement of people away from urban areas into rural areas
Give 2 push factors for counter-urbanisation
- congestion in city centres
- expensive housing in city centres and suburbs
Give 2 pull factors for counter-urbanisation
- bigger houses
- increased car ownership and better public transport
Give 2 social consequences of counter-urbanisation
- more demand for houses, so prices rise, leading to an elderly population
- infrastructure may struggle e.g roads
Give 2 economic consequences of counter-urbanisation
- shops in rural areas may close as many people travel to shops in urban areas
- some services see a rise in demand e.g. pubs
Give 2 environmental consequences of counter-urbanisation
- increased pollution in rural areas
- new estates often built on countryside
Define ‘re-urbanisation’
The movement of people back into urban areas
Give 3 push factors for re-urbanisation
- lack of jobs in rural areas
- fewer leisure opportunities in rural areas
- counter-urbanisation causes high housing prices in rural areas
Give 3 pull factors for re-urbanisation
- universities for youth
- young people often want to live close to their work
- derelict land for businesses to build on
Give 2 social consequences of re-urbanisation
- less unemployment
- tension between original and new residents
Give 2 environmental consequences of re-urbanisation
- building on derelict land is better for environment
- some land has been derelict for so long, that animals/plants lived there
Give 2 economic consequences of re-urbanisation
- new shops/businesses open which boosts economy
- tourism may increase and city centre is improved
