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Geography > Urban Futures > Flashcards

Urban Futures Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ‘urbanisation’

A

The growth of the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas

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2
Q

What is the rate of urbanisation like in ACs?

A

In AC’s, most people already live in cities, in fact many desire a better quality of life so move to the suburbs. The result is a very slow rate of urbanisation.

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3
Q

What is the rate of urbanisation like in LIDCs?

A

In general, the rate of urbanisation is highest in LIDC’s.

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4
Q

What is the rate of urbanisation like in EDCs

A

The rate can vary.

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5
Q

What is a megacity?

A

An urban area with over 10 million people living there

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6
Q

What is a world city?

A

A city that has influence over the whole world. They have centres for trade and business.

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7
Q

What was the distribution of megacities in 1950 compared to 2014?

A

There were only 2 megacities in 1950, Tokyo and New York

By 2014, there were 28, with over 2/3 of them being in poorer countries

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8
Q

Give 4 examples of push factors for urbanisation

A
  • natural disasters
  • mechanisation
  • drought
  • conflict
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9
Q

Give 4 examples of pull factors for urbanisation

A
  • more jobs
  • better health care + education
  • to join other family members
  • better quality of life
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10
Q

Give 2 reasons why internal growth is high in cities

A
  • good health care meaning low death rate

- lots of young people meaning high birth rate

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11
Q

Give 2 economic consequences of rapid urbanisation

A
  • not enough jobs

- may not have access to education meaning they cant get good jobs

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12
Q

Give 2 social consequences of rapid urbanisation

A
  • housing issues

- high levels of crime

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13
Q

Give 2 environmental consequences of rapid urbanisation

A
  • rubbish often isn’t collected

- high levels of pollution

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14
Q

Define ‘suburbanisation’

A

The movement of people from city centres to the outskirts

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15
Q

Give 3 examples of push factors for suburbanisation

A
  • urban areas can be over crowded
  • deindustrialisation
  • increased unemployment
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16
Q

Give 3 examples of pull factors for suburbanisation

A
  • lower population density
  • relaxed planning laws
  • cheaper housing/rent
  • improved public transport
17
Q

Give 2 social consequences of suburbanisation

A
  • derelict buildings in city centres

- wealthy people often suburbanise leaving the poor, causing a sort of segregation

18
Q

Give 2 environmental consequences of suburbanisation

A
  • new estates often built on open countryside

- more people have to travel further to work increasing pollution

19
Q

Give 2 economic consequences of suburbanisation

A
  • businesses in cities close

- unemployment increases

20
Q

Define ‘Counter-Urbanisation’

A

The movement of people away from urban areas into rural areas

21
Q

Give 2 push factors for counter-urbanisation

A
  • congestion in city centres

- expensive housing in city centres and suburbs

22
Q

Give 2 pull factors for counter-urbanisation

A
  • bigger houses

- increased car ownership and better public transport

23
Q

Give 2 social consequences of counter-urbanisation

A
  • more demand for houses, so prices rise, leading to an elderly population
  • infrastructure may struggle e.g roads
24
Q

Give 2 economic consequences of counter-urbanisation

A
  • shops in rural areas may close as many people travel to shops in urban areas
  • some services see a rise in demand e.g. pubs
25
Q

Give 2 environmental consequences of counter-urbanisation

A
  • increased pollution in rural areas

- new estates often built on countryside

26
Q

Define ‘re-urbanisation’

A

The movement of people back into urban areas

27
Q

Give 3 push factors for re-urbanisation

A
  • lack of jobs in rural areas
  • fewer leisure opportunities in rural areas
  • counter-urbanisation causes high housing prices in rural areas
28
Q

Give 3 pull factors for re-urbanisation

A
  • universities for youth
  • young people often want to live close to their work
  • derelict land for businesses to build on
29
Q

Give 2 social consequences of re-urbanisation

A
  • less unemployment

- tension between original and new residents

30
Q

Give 2 environmental consequences of re-urbanisation

A
  • building on derelict land is better for environment

- some land has been derelict for so long, that animals/plants lived there

31
Q

Give 2 economic consequences of re-urbanisation

A
  • new shops/businesses open which boosts economy

- tourism may increase and city centre is improved

Geography (16 decks)

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