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Geography > ALL CASE STUDIES > Flashcards

ALL CASE STUDIES Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did Typhoon Haiyan take place and what stage of development was it in?

A

The Philippines - an emerging and developing country (EDC)

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2
Q

What speed were the winds in Typhoon Haiyan?

A

195mph

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3
Q

What conditions allowed the Typhoon to take place?

A

60m deep sea
26.5 degree water
Coriolis effect

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4
Q

Why were the consequences of the Typhoon amplified?

A

The Philippines isn’t particularly developed
Mass population growth - Tacloban had 76,000 and that increased to 221,000 in 40 years
The country was still recovering from the Bohol Earthquake just a year before

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5
Q

Give 2 social impacts of the Typhoon

A

670,000 families made homeless

63,000 died

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6
Q

Give 2 economic impacts of the Typhoon

A

$2.9 billion damage

$85 million of farm damage

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7
Q

Give 2 environmental impacts of the Typhoon

A

130,000 tonnes of rice destroyed

Trees uprooted

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8
Q

Give 3 examples of short term aid for the Typhoon

A

UN appealed for £190 million, UK alone donated £50 million
Soldiers deployed to maintain law and order
Social media was used to ask for aid and volunteers

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of long term aid for the Typhoon

A

Clearing debris

Repairing infrastructure

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10
Q

What were the 4 causes of drought in the UK?

A

Less rain
Warmer temperatures
Dry soils
High water usage (1.7 billion of litres per day)

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11
Q

Give 3 consequences of the drought

A

Problems with farming
Wild fires in South Wales and Scotland
Hosepipe bans

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12
Q

Give 3 responses to the drought

A

Permits allowed water to be extracted from reservoirs
People were told to reduce time in the shower to 4 minutes
Campaigns to get ordinary people to use less water in the home

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13
Q

When was the drought?

A

2012

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14
Q

When was the Typhoon?

A

2013

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15
Q

When was the Nepal Earthquake?

A

April 2015

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16
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake?

A

7.8

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17
Q

What was the cause of the earthquake?

A

The Indian and Eurasian Plates converged and built up pressure was released

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18
Q

Give 1 economic impact of the earthquake

A

$10 billion worth of damage

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19
Q

Give 2 social impacts of the earthquake

A

8,600 people killed

2.8 million displaced

20
Q

Give 2 environmental impacts of the earthquake

A

Landslides

Avalanches

21
Q

Give 2 examples of short term aid for the earthquake

A

India and China sent emergency aid

22
Q

Give 2 examples of long term aid for the earthquake

A

Cash for work projects were set up

Nepal Flash Appeal fund achieved nearly $400 million

23
Q

How will the UK’s temperature change?

A

The average summer temperature is predicted to increase by 3.9 degrees by 2080

24
Q

How will weather patterns change in the UK?

A

Droughts will become more frequent and intense and flooding will become more common

25
Q

What will the effect of sea level be in the UK?

A

12-76cm rise by 2095

26
Q

How will the UK’s wildlife change?

A

Climate change will change habitats which can upset the balance of natural ecosystems and lead to extinction

27
Q

How will tourism be affected by climate change in the UK?

A

Warmer weather could boost tourism and create employment opportunities, however skiing resorts will be negatively effected

28
Q

How will agriculture be affected by climate change in the UK?

A

Commercial crops could be grown further north

New crops such as grapes could be grown in the UK meaning we have to import less

29
Q

How will fishing be affected by climate change in the UK?

A

More extreme weather could put fishing infrastructure at risk

30
Q

How will health be affected by climate change in the UK?

A

More heat related illnesses such as heat exhaustion will occur

31
Q

How will flooding be affected by climate change in the UK?

A

Sea level rising may damage homes and businesses in low lying areas near the coast

32
Q

How will water shortages be affected by climate change in the UK?

A

Drier summers will effect water availability, particularly in the SE of the country where population density is increasing

33
Q

How was Durdle Door (Dover) formed?

A

Hydraulic action by waves open a crack in the headline

Mechanical (freeze-thaw and salt-weathering) and chemical (acid rain) weathering broke it open into an arch

34
Q

How was Lulworth Cove formed?

A

A gap was eroded in the Purbeck limestone
Behind the limestone is shale and clap which is less resistant so it erodes
This leads to the formation of a cove

35
Q

What is Chesil Beach and how was it formed?

A

Chesil Beach is a tombolo (a type of spit that extends to an island)
It was formed by LSD

36
Q

How does temperature effect geomorphic processes on Dorset Coast?

A

Warmer temperatures cause sea water to evaporate from rocks leaving salt which increases salt-weathering

37
Q

How does wind effect geomorphic processes on Dorset Coast?

A

Dorset Coast is exposed to the prevailing winds from the south-west. This brings storms which increases erosion

38
Q

How does rainfall effect geomorphic processes on Dorset Coast?

A

When soils and rocks become saturated, they are more prone to mass movement

39
Q

Why does Hengistbury Head need protecting?

A

Over 1 million people visit annually
The rate of erosion has increased since the 1850s when the Hengistbury Head Mining Company removed iron doggers
Longshore drift is removing increasing amounts of beach material

40
Q

How does soft engineering help to preserve Hengistbury Head?

A

Soft engineering involves preserving a wide and gently sloping beach so that it can absorb most of the energy from waves

41
Q

How does beach replenishment help to preserve Hengistbury Head?

A

Adding shingle to the beach reduces the effect of LSD. However, it does not solve the problem as it needs to be replaced every 10 minutes.

42
Q

How does the long groyne help to preserve Hengistbury Head?

A

The groyne helps to establish an abnormally wide beach, ideal for absorbing wave energy

43
Q

How do iron doggers help to preserve Hengistbury Head?

A

Iron doggers result in a reduction in wave energy and a reduced rate of erosion. However there are limited iron doggers as many were removed in the 1850s.

44
Q

How has industry and tourism shaped the landscape of Dorset Coast?

A

A lot of quarrying has taken place for limestone
Gravel was removed from Chesil Beach until the 1960s. It was being removed faster than it could be replaced
Coastal footpaths run along cliff tops and can be worn down as people walk on them

45
Q

How was Muderford spit formed?

A

When there is a break in the coastline, there is a slight drop in energy, longshore drift will deposit material at a faster rate than it can remove it
This means a ridge is built up
A change in prevailing winds can cause the end of a spit to be hooked
Stagnated water is trapped behind the spit and a marsh is made

46
Q

What are beaches made from?

A

Beaches are made from eroded material that has been transported by LSD from down the coast

Geography (16 decks)

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