Ethiopia

Question 1

Summarise Ethiopia’s economic development

Answer 1

Ethiopia is a LIDC and had a GNI per capita of $505 in 2015. The world avg was $10,858.

Question 2

What are the trends in population in Ethiopia?

Answer 2

The population is 94 million - a high birth rate and slowly falling death rate means the natural increase is growing by 2.6% per year

Question 3

What is the state of technology in Ethiopia?

Answer 3

In 2015, less than 4% of the population were connected to the internet. Only 12% of the population used phones. After Chinese investment however, in the ETC (Ethio Telecom) mobile costs have been cut and broadband has become cheaper.

Question 4

Where is Ethiopia on Rostow’s model?

Answer 4

Ethiopia would be at stage 2 - pre-conditions for take off - but it isn’t directly applicable because it is 60 years old and based on the USA

Question 5

What is Ethiopia’s employment structure?

Answer 5

88% primary
2% secondary
10% tertiary

Question 6

What is MDG 2 and how have Ethiopia met it?

Answer 6

Provision of primary education:
96% of children enrol in primary school
However adult literacy rate is 36%

Question 7

What is MDG 4 and how have Ethiopia met it?

Answer 7

Reducing Child Mortality:
65% of children receive vaccinations for preventable diseases
However malaria and diarrhoea are still the biggest killers each year

Question 8

What is MDG 5 and how have Ethiopia met it?

Answer 8

Improving Maternal Health:
Maternal Mortality dropped 23% 55% of women receive contraception
However still some stigma around family planning

Question 9

What is MDG 1 and how has Ethiopia failed to meet it?

Answer 9

Poverty and Hunger:

Over 40% of children struggle with malnutrition

Question 10

What is MDG 7 and how has Ethiopia failed to meet it?

Answer 10

Environmental sustainability:

Basic sanitation is still low and slums remain

Question 11

What is Ethiopia’s trade situation?

Answer 11

Imports value at $11 billion with only $3 billion exports

Question 12

Evaluate one example of top-down aid in Ethiopia

Answer 12

Ashegoda wind farm:
Produces energy for 3 million Ethiopians
Helps economic growth

Farmers lost their land to make way for the wind farm

Question 13

Evaluate one use of bottom up aid in Ethiopia

Answer 13

Goat aid:
Provides poor families with food and milk
Decrease malnourishment and mortality rates

Doesn’t change fortunes over night - takes 2-5 years
Goats reproduce less than expected