Urban environment Flashcards
What are 6 changes that have happened to the CBD of Glasgow?
- Improved public transport, e.g. increased the number of cycle lanes/bus lanes and improved rail services.
- One way streets introduced.
- Pedestrianised shopping streets.
- Undercover shopping centres, e.g. Buchanan Galleries and St. Enoch Centre.
- Ring roads built for example the M8.
- Multi storey car parks introduced.
What effect has; multi storey car parks introduced had on the CBD of Glasgow?
Reduces on street parking , preventing roads from being blocked so traffic flows easier in narrow CBD roads.
What effect has; ring roads built for example the M8 had on the CBD of Glasgow?
Reduces city centre congestion so cars can leave the CBD where they can use ring roads, reducing journey times in and around the CBD.
What effect has; undercover shopping centres, e.g. Buchanan Galleries and St. Enoch Centre had on the CBD of Glasgow?
Attracts more people to come and visit the CBD, which will increase revenue in the area.
What effect has; pedestrianised shopping streets had on the CBD of Glasgow?
Safer streets for pedestrians to walk on, also results in less air pollution.
What effect has; one way streets introduced had on the CBD of Glasgow?
Traffic flows more freely/faster as cars can only travel in one direction and avoid encountering oncoming traffic or turns which could also result in less crashes/collisions between drivers.
What effect has; improved public transport, e.g. increased the number of cycle lanes/bus lanes and improved rail services had on the CBD of Glasgow?
There is fewer cars in the CBD as people are using public transport more also resulting in lees air pollution. (could talk about Glasgow cycling scheme)
What are 6 changes that have happened to the Inner City of Glasgow?
- Removal of old run down tenements which are replaced which are replaced by high quality high rised housing.
- Old industry buildings replaced with services and entertainments, e.g. Braehead and X-Scape.
- Transport links improved, e.g. The Squinty Bridge.
- Landscaping, e.g. trees planted.
- Services built, e.g. shops,cafes and health centres.
- Visitor attractions being built, e.g. SECC and The Hydro.
What effect has; removal of old run down tenements which are replaced which are replaced by high quality high rised housing had on the Inner City of Glasgow?
Decreases building density to a lower building density with more green space and a possible reduction in crime.
What effect has; old industry buildings replaced with services and entertainments, e.g. Braehead and X-Scape had on the Inner City of Glasgow?
Helps to improve income and reduces unemployment rates in the area.
What effect has; transport links improved, e.g. The Squinty Bridge had on the Inner City of Glasgow?
Increases the number of crossing point on the Clyde meaning journey times are reduced and there is less traffic congestion in these crossing points.
What effect has; landscaping, e.g. trees planted had on the Inner City of Glasgow?
Improve the look of the area making it more attractive, taking away from the more rundown trashy scene.
What effect has; services built, e.g. shops,cafes and health centres had on the Inner City of Glasgow?
Helps to provide better services for the residents, could also provide more jobs for residents and increase economy in the area.
What effect has; visitor attractions being built, e.g. SECC and The Hydro had on the Inner City of Glasgow?
Improves revenue in the area and gives residents more employment opportunities.
What are 8 changes that have happened to the Rural-Urban Fringe of Glasgow?
- By passes and ring roads built.
- New housing estates built on cheaper land.
- New towns built on greenfield sites.
- Urban sprawl as villages become part of the city boundary.
- Modern industrial estates built on cheap land.
- New business district; retail parks constructed, e.g. Braehead.
- Office decentralisation; business parks constructed on cheap land.
- Park and Ride schemes introduced.
What effect has; by passes and ring roads built had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
Reduces number of cars in the centre of the CBD and allows access to the CBD for commuters through improved transport links.
What effect has; new housing estates built on cheaper land had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
Houses that are more affordable as they are built on cheaper land which have room to expand with proper gardens and off-road parking.
What effect has; new towns built on greenfield sites had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
None but stops overcrowding in the Inner City.
What effect has; urban sprawl as villages become part of the city boundary had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
There is a loss of the identity as the Rural-Urban Fringe and house prices start to increase.
What effect has; modern industrial estates built on cheap land had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
Increases employment opportunities, good communication with room for expansion and main roads for workers and deliveries. Markets in nearby estates however work is kept away from housing.
What effect has; new business district; retail parks constructed, e.g. Braehead had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
Retail parks where thee is less congestion, with room for expansion and lots of parking, regenerating old run down areas. increasing employment and revenue in the area.
What effect has; office decentralisation; business parks constructed on cheap land had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
There is room for expansion, it attracts highly skilled workforce, increases income in the area and reduces unemployment rates.
What effect has; park and Ride schemes introduced had on the Rural-Urban fringe of Glasgow?
built on cheap land with lots of room for car parking, reduces cars on the road which will reduce air pollution and reduce congestion in busy areas in and around the CBD.
What are 8 problems in the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
- Poor sewage (no water/toilets).
- Very High population density.
- No amenities like schools and hospitals as they are not maintained by government.
- Poor health care due to poverty meaning people cannot afford medicine.
- There is not enough jobs and the only jobs that are available are in the informal sector.
- Very high crime rates due to drug trafficking in the area.
- There is a very high volume of cars and industry, producing many fumes. No refuge collection and poor sewage with open drains. The shanty towns themselves are very unsightly.
- People build houses from poor materials like broken bricks, tarpaulin, and corrugated sheets on land that they do not own which is very marshy and steep.
How does the problem of; poor sewage (no water/toilets) affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
It means that diseases like cholera will be more common/rife putting more of a strain on family money and government which could be sued to improve the area.
How does the problem of; very High population density affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
It means that if a disease was to affect the shanty towns it would spread very quickly and affect lots of people very quickly putting a strain on hospitals meaning there is less money to upgrade facilities like hospitals.
How does the problem of; no amenities like schools and hospitals as they are not maintained by government affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
It means that less people will get a good education to progress into better jobs with higher pay and increase family income to move into better housing etc. No hospitals mean that people will have to travel long distances to get health care if they are ill.
How does the problem of; poor health care due to poverty meaning people cannot afford medicine affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
More people will die of simple diseases which could be quite easily cured and infant mortality rates will increase and life expectancy will decrease.
How does the problem of; there is not enough jobs and the only jobs that are available are in the informal sector affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
There will be very high unemployment rates and those with a job will get paid very little as jobs are cash in hand so poverty will increase.
How does the problem of; very high crime rates due to drug trafficking in the area affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
Many tourists wont come to the area due to theft on local beaches like the Copacabana which will reduce employment opportunities and decrease economy in the area, also many police wont enter some areas unless armed due to fear of gangs which also puts a strain of the government economy meaning the area cannot be improved.
How does the problem of; there is a very high volume of cars and industry, producing many fumes. No refuge collection and poor sewage with open drains. The shanty towns themselves are very unsightly affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
Air,Noise and Visual pollution is increased so tourists are put off visiting the area which will increase unemployment rates and decrease the economy of the area.
How does the problem of; people build houses from poor materials like broken bricks, tarpaulin, and corrugated sheets on land that they do not own which is very marshy and steep affect the Shanty Towns of Rio De Janeiro?
The houses offer poor shelter and can be easily washed away by landslides where families could lose all possessions, increasing poverty in the area. As the provide poor shelter there is a higher chance of the people living in them to catch diseases, decreasing the life expectancy of people in the area.
What are solutions to shanty towns in Rio De Janeiro?
- In Rio De Janeiro: Wooden shacks have been upgraded to permanent dwellings with some services For example, clean piped water has been provided to
help reduce the spread of diseases - Residents continually upgrade their homes through a process of ‘self-help’ schemes where the local people
are provided with materials like bricks. - Some prefabricated houses have
been built in Rocinha by the Brazilian Government with basic facilities like toilets and electricity. - The residents have been given legal rights to the
land where their house is built. - Roads have been built/improved in the favela allowing services like rubbish collections to take place
- In some favelas cable car systems have been constructed to improve transport
for residents - There have been some schools and health clinics provided for residents.
- Some charities have also donated money to help improve the standard of living of people in shanty towns eg by providing computers in schools
- Security has been improved by having more police patrols which have helped to reduce drugs related crime.
What are characteristics of the CBD?
- Tall high density buildings
- Lack of open space
- Lots of comparison shops where people browse and large department stores/shopping centres
- Tourist info centres
- High concentration of churches and cathedrals
- Offices in finance, banks and administration
- High traffic
- lots of entertainment facilities
- Most accessible part of the city
- Museums etc.
- Bus and rail stations
- Main roads lead into city and ring roads around CBD
What are characteristics of the Inner City?
- Grid iron street pattern
- Old churches
- Old transport routes like railway for old industry
- Evidence of industrial buildings, abandoned factories, derelict land and iron/steel works.
- Close to docks
- Main roads that lead to CBD
- On the edge of CBD
- Large redevelopment
- Higher unemployment due to factories shutting down
- High density of low cost 19th century like old sandstone tenements which lack of garages (as no cars roundabout at the time) and good quality gardens (as land was precious as lots of houses needed for workers).
- High levels of air pollution from traffic
- in some areas visual pollution like vandalism and graffiti
What are characteristics of the Rural-Urban Fringe?
- Lots of free space
- Cheap land
- modern street patterns like cul-de-sacs
- Detached and semi detached houses with gardens and garages
- Factories in large industrial estates kept away from housing with wide roads and large car parks for lorries
- Shopping centres larger, in low density and far away from housing called retail parks
- Low density of buildings
- Farmland
- Park and ride schemes with railway
- No major roads
- Schools and shops nearby
- located at the edge of the city
