Population Flashcards

Question

What are solutions to/the effects of slow population growth?

Answer 1

- More paternity leave - will hopefully encourage parents to have more children as it looks more appealing - Encourage people to take out private pensions - to reduce the cost of providing public pensions - Raise retirement age - increases the number of tax payers - Better maternity benefits like those in France - to encourage parents to have/ have more kids - Allow in more immigrants - to increase the number of tax payers and workers - Encourage more women to work - to increase the number of workers and tax payers by providing creches in the work place/better help with child care

Answer 2

- Contraception is widely available. Which means there is few unplanned births - Medical advances means that less people choose to have lots of kids as most children survive at birth. - Children are expensive (£250,00 from 0-18) to bring up so less people are choosing to have kids due to the financial burden - Due to better education for females, women focus on careers and choose to have kids later in life where fertility rates are lower. - Family planning/Sex ed is widely available. Which means there is few unplanned births as people are better educated about protection and the reality of bringing up kids. - Abortion/Sterilisation is widely available. Which means that unplanned births can be terminated - Due to better health care elderly care people are living for longer, meaning there is less people working and paying taxes.

Answer 3

- Contraception isn't as widely available, which means there is many unplanned births. - Abortion/ Sterilisation isn't as widely available so unplanned births cannot be terminated. - As infant mortality is lower due to poorer health care. Women will have lots of kids in the chance of some surviving - As agriculture is very high in developing countries, couples have lots of kids to help out with workforce - Due to little school education, little Sex ed is taught so many people do not know about protection so many unplanned births go ahead

Answer 4

Advantages - These countries become more powerful and less vulnerable to attack, as they have a large number of people available for the armed forces Disadvantages - The land becomes more infertile, fewer crops grow, resulting in the people becoming poorer and hungry and people move to cities - In urban areas the population is increasing even more rapidly becomes of immigrants from the countryside - The authorities cannot build enough houses for everyone, so people build their own shacks which lack even basic amenities such as water and toilet supply which could lead to an increase in cases of cholera. - There are not enough jobs for everyone so unemployment rates are highland crime rates rise - Traffic congestion worsens which could lead to increased pollution in areas - Services cannot cope with the extra people, so schools and hospitals are overcrowded, and not everyone has access to them.

Answer 5

Advantages - There are more people of working age and less money needs to be spent on education because there are fewer children Disadvantages - The number of old people in the population is increasing rapidly (greying of the population) - More money is needed for pensions as population is greying - More care services like old folks and sheltered homes required - Old people use services more so price of health care rises - Health care costs are paid by taxes, but there are now fewer people who pay tax - There is a decreasing number of people in the armed forces and less future parents

Answer 6

Stage 2: - Birth rate was still very high, whereas death rate fell quite quickly - caused rapid rise in total population as people were living longer. - Death rates fell because clean water supplies were introduced, reducing spread of disease and at same time proper sewage systems being built which meant water supplies no longer contaminated, reducing number of people falling ill and dying (2) - Advances in medicine such as introduction of penicillin helped keep death rates low, as people could be treated for and cured from illnesses which might have killed them in past. - Birth rates were still high as people were used to idea many children may not survive until adulthood and also children were required to go out and work because of poverty Stage 3: - Birth rates started to drop much faster as people realised infant mortality was falling and no longer needed to have extra - Standard of living had improved and wasn't necessary to have lots of children to earn income for family any more - Also education about family planning was more common and availability and variety of different methods of contraception was better meaning there was less unplanned births - Falling birth rate meant that rate of population increase started to slow down. Stage 4: - Birth rate fallen so low that in some countries is below death rate and so overall population is falling - Japan is example of this