Urban Dynamics - Sydney Case Study Flashcards
What is the is spatial patterns of advantage and disadvantage
Latte Line
- Rich east, poor west
- Higher educated in the east
- Employment
- Income
What causes the patterns of advantage and disadvantage (8)
- Underinvestment and development of public transport in the west has led to the dependency on cars providing a financial burden to the west
- Division of ethnicities
- Distribution of blue and white collar jobs
- well defined class structure based on private property ownership
- class determined by occupation (prestige, financial reward, material lifestyle)
- Access of infrastructure and services
- Distribution of private schools
- Increased housing prices in the CBD
Impact of spatial patterns of advantage and disadvantage
- Creates low degree of social mobility between classes
- ## Perpetuates the cycle of poverty
Stats for Distribution of Education in Sydney
- NAPLAN results show that western students perform below average and Eastern students perform above average
- 85% of Schools in the east performed in the top half of HSC results
- Nearly 90% of Sydney’s 55 highest performing schools is located on the east side
- HSC students in the east are more likely to achieve exam scores above 90
- less than 25% schools below the latte line performed in the top half of the honour role
- Government funding for private schools in Australia has increased nearly 5 times the rate of public school funding over the last 10 years
Why pattern of advantage and disadvantage in employment
Economic restructuring and encouragement of international trade led to increase tertiary services and employment (finance, healthcare, law), in the CBD. Pushing Blue collar and manufacturing jobs to the edges and western Sydney.
Stats for employment in Sydney (advantage and disadvantage)
- average taxable income in the east is $82, 674 vs $54, 608 in the West (33% difference)
- Significantly more unskilled or trade related jobs west of the latte line where as more managerial white collar professional jobs in the east
- Out of the top 1% of earners in Australia 11% of them are from east Sydney where only 6% of them are from west Sydney
- 93% of all new industrial developing is in the west
- North Sydney has the highest rate of white collar jobs at 65%
Income pattern advantage and disadvantage in sydney
- Influenced by employment and education further polarizing west and east
- house prices cheaper in western suburbs
Stats for income - advantage and disadvantage
2/3 of the lowest 20% of Australian households rely on social security payments
Average house price in Easter $2.5 million, West $0.8 Million
- In Sydney’s west nearly 1 in 3 people live in poverty, a gap of almost 30% when compared to rates in Sydney’s east
spatial distribution of Infrastruction
- distribution of public transport (train), with a lack connecting the west and east has perceptualized the divide and inability to move-
- hospitals only 1 in western suburbs, 3 in eastern
- uneven distribution of private schools
What caused Sydney’s economic character change
Economic restructuring from trade and manufacturing services to professional, IT based and finance services, due to globalisation and the movement of manufacturing off seas to countries with cheaper labour
Impact of Sydney’s changing economic character (6)
- Emergence of ‘ Global Sydney’
- creation of urban corridor - the world’s most successful professional services clusters
- increased demand for urban renewal and consolidation in the CBD to increase ‘connection’
- large scale urban decay of industrial areas
- Increase income, enabling constructing on more public infrastructure and transport
- greater polarization between rich and poor
- commercial building boom - to accommodate global financial businesses e.g. Barangaroo
Examples of impact of Sydney’s changing economic character
- 93000 jobs were created from the urban corridor from 2008 - 2013
- Development of Sydney knowledge hubs
CBD - financial and professional services
Pyrmon -Ultimo - creative digital tech and education
Macquarie Park - medical technology
Drivers of Sydney changing economic character
- Increasing international students in unis
- Increased tourism in Sydney
-Globalisation - boom of Sydney’s knowledge intensive industries
What is the nature of residents in Sydney
- aging population increased life expectancy
- later age of marriage
- couples having less children (changed role of women)
- increase in SINKs and DINKs
- Changed lifestyle expectations on affordability, convenience, transport ect
- decrease demand for larger houses
What is the changed location of residential land in Sydney
East - CBD
- targets toward high income earners, professions, DINKs and SINKs
- urban consolidation in CBS (Ryde, Pyrmont)
- Dominated by medium/ high density housing
- increasing house prices
West
- Suburbia (Harris Park)
- dominated by low density detached housing (57%) and young families (35%)
- Australian Dream
What is the changed nature of industrial development in Sydney - for commercial development (5)
- rise of a financial hub in the CBD
- rise of suburbanization of shopping malls (impacting traditional shopping strips)
- revival of high end CBD retailing (high end) e.g. QVB
- developing of buying in bulk retailing e.g. CostCo
- rise of technology and online shopping
What is the changed nature of industrial development in Sydney (3)
- decline of Sydney’s industry in 1960s
- rise of suburban industry estate and warehousing due to cheaper land and better access to interstate transport and less congestion (access to high ways) –> decentralization to the West
- development of large scale high automated distribution center’s for imported goods
Construction of larger transport systems e.g. freight rail line and terminals and freeways (pushing manufacturing further to the west)
What defines Sydney’s culture? (5)
- nature of its biophysics environment (cliate, beaches, harbour)
- multicultural character (urban villages, international students)
- casual lifestyle (sporting, quality shopping, entertainment, beaches)
- streetscape - architectural heritage (harbor bridge, opera house e.g. the rocks, pit street, chinatown)
- suburban lifestyle/ low density urban sprawl (wide streets, grey roofing, small parks)
What adds to Sydneys culture of place (3)
- Architecture/ streetscape
- Festivals
- Urban villages
Sparking blue waterways
How does Architecture add to Sydney’s culture of place
- Tourist meccas (Opera house, Harbor bridge)
- Victorian architecture (convict, bricks and sandstone - the rocks and Barangaroo)
- Terrace houses - Paddington
Town hall, Macquarie Street and QVB are examples where the heritage building has been retained while more modern aspect have been integrated inside (facades)
The architecture highlights the convict and Victorian history of Sydney, educating the community and establishes culture of place
-creates unique streetscape
- prevents the impacts of homogonised landscapes
How do urban villages add to Sydney’s culture of place
China town (Haymarket) - Chinese architecture (red gates, red lanterns, lion statue)
Oxford St - Rainbow designed streetscape, Mardi Gras
Leichardt - Italian, Italians restaurants bar Italia
- Creates the multicultural identity of Sydney
- creates a culture of place
- increases colour and vitality
How does Festivals add to Sydney’s culture of place
Festivals: New year fireworks, Mardi Gras, Vivid light show
Sports: 2000 Olympics
Festivals and events develops a sense of community and pride, increasing public interaction to promote Sydney’s culture and landscape.
Increases street life, noise, energy and vitality
What are Sydney’s future issues (5)
- Rapid population growth
- Rising house prices
- Traffic congestion and lack of public infrastructure (transport, roads)
- Water supply and waste management
- Ecological sustainability
What is the future trend of Sydney’s Growth(6)
- Currently 5 million population –> 7.2 million predicted in 2050
- There’s a net increase of 1600 new residents in Sydney every week
- Suburbanization accounts for the most of Sydney’s growth with unplanned urban expansion of the city’s outskirts in North and Southwest Areas
- 2022 experienced a post Covid migration boom, where Australia’s population grew at its fastest rate in more than 13 years
- rural to urban migration
- ‘bright light syndrome’
Strategies to aid Sydney’s increase population (4)
- must increase average urban density of new housing areas while also catering to ageing population (consolidation)
- balance brown fields and green fields
- rezoning along rail lines - fill in gaps in the city
- building new schools,
high rise public schools (6 thousand) planned in CBD Parramatta followed by Alexandria Park and Ultimo
what is the future trend of Sydney’s developmentof infrastructure
- Most of Sydney’s growth has been focused on increasing the density of already built up areas
- 70% of all building proposals centered on consolidation –> South Barangaroo, and 42000 vertical village in Balmain
- Focusing on more sustainable development e.g. South Barangaroo urban renewal project and Central park Mall
Explain Barangaroo sustainability development
Barangaroo was Australia’s first certified carbon neutral precinct under the Climate Active initiative.
- All electricity used on site is offset by renewable energy generated offsite
- Energy used to power public areas and wastewater is powered by solar energy
- ‘water wise’ precinct
- captures rainwater in storage tanks
- water treatment plant that treats wastewater and supplies non drinking water for use like irrigation
- More than 80% of operational waste from residential and commercial buildings diverted from landfill
Future trends of Sydney’s ecological sustainability
- Increased global consciousness for sustainability has increased the development of more environmentally focused projects e.g. Barangaroo South
- However rapid population growth results in increased
Co2 emission (transport),
waste,
water use,
electricity use
land clearing for housing development
hence greater negative impact on the environment = not sustainable
Response to managing traffic congestion
Road projects
- West Connex linking west and south western Sydney 33km
- North Connex 9km (built)
Metro Projects
- Sydney Metro Northwest linking North and west/ Chatswood
Light rail projects
- CBD and South East Light rail
- Future Parramatta light rail
