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Geography HSC > Urban dynamics: large city (Sydney) > Flashcards

Urban dynamics: large city (Sydney) Flashcards

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1
Q

social structure: spatial patterns of dis/advantage, wealth/poverty, ethnicity

A

pattern of inter-relationships of people in society

  • well defined class structure, determined by occupation (prestige, financial reward and material lifestyle)-> still relatively egalitarian
  • person’s ability to rent/buy in certain area–> reflect income, occupation, status
  • spatial outcome= socioeconomic ranking of suburbs based on: income, occupation, education (eg. north/east sydney vs lower south)
  • Hornsby plateau-Botany Bay invisible diagonal line
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2
Q

economic restructuring effects:

A

decrease: manufacturing, increase: service sector
- large gap between more/less advantaged
- pockets (sometimes whole districts) in poverty, unemployment, violence, poor health, general social stress
- Sydney has developed areas of wealth/privilege

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3
Q

changing economic character

A
  • with globalisation/ advent of service/information revolution –> new Syd economy
  • manufacturing declining (forced by suburbanisation, moving good workforce into suburbs)
  • info services, communications tech has grown instead
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4
Q

nature/location of: industrial land

A

loss of manufacturing jobs in Syd’s central industrial area (CIA) from:

  • suburbanisation (disadv. of inner city- obsolete plants, aging infrastructure, traffic congestion, costly land, limited expansion scope) from 1960s onwards
  • global economic restructuring eg. growth of airfreight/ development of Port Botany as major shipping facility
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5
Q

CIA decline:

A

eg. Pyrmont-Ultimo, Green Square (Sth Syd), Barangaroo
- devoid of industry
- port facilities now–> major entertainment/ exhbition precinct (eg. Darling Harbour)
- large maritime warehouses into: commercial/non commercial uses
- working class cottages (terrace houses) now occupied by high paid professionals, gentrified homes, CBD lifestyle

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6
Q

suburbanisation of manufacturing:

A

most beneficial: (middle industrial areas) Rosehill, Auburn, Parramatta, Bankstown

  • economic restructuring in early 1980s (internation comp, tariff reduction, deregulation) still have effects on industry
  • recession in 1990s–> accelerated rate of change,
  • industries relevant to new economy benefitted
  • by 2000, Blacktown, Liverpool and Fairfield biggest factory agglomerations
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7
Q

new industrial estates:

A

Smithfield-Wetherill Park filling up, opened

  • Campbelltown (S)
  • Norwest/Baulko (NW)
  • Gosford (N)
  • Eastern Creek (W)
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8
Q

sydney intro/ significance:

A
  • east coast of Australia (33’ 52S, 151’10E)
  • international city connecting to world cities, global link to economy
  • Australia’s financial capital, also regional corporate base for growing no. of TNCs in Asia-pacific region
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9
Q

changing economic character: commercial

A

IT and office sector:
- new office based info tech –> routine admin/clerical activities moved out of high rent CBD - low cost suburban locations

  • trend today: high end functions- financial institutions in CBD vs. back office support in suburbs
  • recognition of Sydney as BANKING/FINANCE centre

eg. North Syd. (focus of office employment in finance, property, business services)
- others: Norwest Business Park, Rhodes

  • new edge cities: new economy functions highly conc. in prestigious areas (N/ NW) lacking in (W/ SW)
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10
Q

changing economic character: retail

A
  • increase conc. (size not no. of stores) at expense of small retailers
  • longer trading hrs (casualisation of workforce)
  • changing consumer taste (to online shopping)
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11
Q

LPRSC: large planned regional shopping centre

A
  • in response to demand from affluent/mobile customers in suburban Syd
  • in retail perspective-> acheive economies of scale
  • concept: David Jones/Myer magnet for whole centre
  • architecture of LPRSC changed: retail, amusment, entertainment, food
  • city-based stores responded to popularity –> differentiating themselves (eg. David Jones more up market)
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12
Q

New types of retail:

A
  • cluster fast food outlets (maximise customer choice)
  • bulk goods retail complexes for household products (IKEA, Harvey Norman, Good Guys) = retailers benefit from increased customer flow/ association with sellers of complementary products
  • renewed factory outlet interest (DFO)
  • CBD retailers made signifcant refurb for shoppers back to City (Westfield’s food court)
  • influx of designer brands= Sydney status as WORLD CITY (Rolex, Armani, Cartier)
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13
Q

nature/ location: residential land- economic/social factors on where to live

A

1: land value patterns –> affect purchase price or rent
2. local residential env–> character of area, location relative to work
3. type of housing stock available–> older homes near city: redeveloped as higher density apartments, while cheaper outer suburbs dominated by low density, owner occupied homes

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14
Q

economic/ social processes:

A

eco:

  • where you live depends to access -> financial resources
  • more wealth = more choices
  • result= spatial inequality/ patterns of adv/disadv

social:

  • lifestyle factors (DINKS), family composition (children? ages?)
  • singles/couples like med-high density housing
  • family like lower density, with yard
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15
Q

new suburban development on periphery:

A
  • primarily needs of families
  • lots of low dens. detached dwellings
  • access to freeways/motorways (NW- M2, SW- M7)
  • development on previous bushland or market garden/chicken famr/ochard properties
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16
Q

residential infill/ replacement

A
  • decline/abandoment of CIA = increase land close to City (Pyrmont, Green Square)
  • Jacksons Landing typical of development on these sites:
    (mix of housing/ historical buildings retained/ commercial elements introduced- cafes, offices)
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17
Q

building conversions:

A

gentrification: significant trend in inner city residential property
- maintains architectural heritage/ unique streetscapes
(eg. finger wharves)

18
Q

mixed residential/ shared community facilities:

A
  • new age dev.
  • smaller blocks of land but access to common areas (sport facilities, playgrounds, commerical areas)
  • eg. Liberty Grove, Newington
19
Q

transport node dev:

A
  • properties close to public transport nodes (rail station/ bus)–> favoured by non-family oriented households
  • properties close to sites= higher density
20
Q

demolition/rebuilding:

A
  • urban replacement in response to lack of residential land
  • common in post WWII suburbs
  • land: more valuable asset vs older building
21
Q

dual occupancy:

A
  • diving suburban block into 2 residential sites
  • modern way to increase density
  • possible on smaller blocks
22
Q

high density, inner city residential development:

A
  • inner city more popular

- land acquisition/ building costs expensive = high price of housing units

23
Q

spatial inequality:

A
  • high conc. of poor neighbourhoods and vice verca forming
  • poor neighbourhoods on outskirts of city LOCATIONAL DISADV
  • isolated from services (legal aid, health care, child care)
  • associated with high rates of crime, graffitti, vandalism, urban decay
  • no go zones
24
Q

high income areas:

A
  • near natural waterways/ higher altitudes

- urban renewal close to city, CBD + waterways also cont. to high income households moving into these areas

25
Q

low income areas:

A
  • flatter, less attractive land (W, SW) more affordable
  • urban decay evident also location factor
  • characterised by public housing/ rental properties
26
Q

employment:

A
  • enhance material wellbeing= certain standard of living
  • economic restructuring = decline of lower skilled etc.
  • increase inequality= lack of education/skills prevent moving jobs
  • traditional working class in Sydney W/SW/inner W = high unemployment
27
Q

housing:

A
  • increase social inequality: adequately housed–> too little to survive after mortgage/rent
  • high income= support hight payments = more choice in market
  • rising property values help landlord, disadv tenants with higher rents
  • house price: value of home + land (location, env. amenity)
28
Q

education:

A

socioeconomic status linked to education attainment

  • retention rates, performance in external exams,
  • distrubution of tertiary qualifications,
  • parental expectations/ student aspirations critical is shaping educational outcomes (reflect socioeconomic background of student)
29
Q

health care:

A
  • gov tried to relocate services with population dist. (beds to W/SW- Westmead)
  • politically difficult: community resistance= local hospital closures in inner city
  • variation of medical services supplied –> differing quality of treatment (longer waiting list, hast treatment)
  • oversupply of GPs in inner/northern suburbs, poorly serviced areas–> work longer hours
30
Q

culture of place: architecture

A
  • convict past, went through phase of self consciousness within international community (early 1900s)
  • lead to strategies to raise Sydney’s cultural status (away from penal colony of England)
  • Opera house 1950s, over 14yrs –> incorporated waves of 100 beaches on Sydney shores
  • Sydney’s identity: blend of architecture/sea, heritage links to colonial past (QVB)
  • modern design/ sustainability
31
Q

culture of place: colour

A
  • distinctly green, over 40 000ha of national parks in metro area,
  • also blue-> clear skies and beaches, oceans (300km of coastline in wider metro area)
32
Q

culture of place: streetscapes

A
  • ‘old city’ in planning terms
  • predating town planning/pre-planned street grids, but a ‘mish mash’ of suburbs and housing
  • follow the natural contours of the land
  • street names reflect industrial/manufacturing past: defining industry in the area (Lime st- where lime was shipped, Cherrybrook- Cherry groves planted in ealry 1800s)
33
Q

culture of place: energy

A
  • distinctive experience of mateship
  • casual behaviour (hot climate, ok to wear swimmers in public)
  • such values from establishments/past times of lifestyle
  • each suburb had RSL (Returned Services League) where family oriented, community events held
  • defined ethnic groups, multicultural lifeblood/commnity in city
  • suburbs populated by specific groups (Chatswood- Asian, Leichardt- Italian, Bondi- Jewish)
34
Q

culture of place: lifestyle

A
  • vary according to location
  • eg. near CBD/ North Shore are defined by ocean (40 000 daily on ferries to work)
  • suburban life: large motorways/ transport links
  • over 2hrs daily to reach predominantly white collar jobs–> larger business districts
35
Q

to achieve ecological sustainability, due to growth:

A
  • accommodating future pop growth
  • address traffic congestion, provide transport infrastructure
  • maintain air/water quality
  • disposal of waste
36
Q

growth of Sydney:

A
  • exceeding rate, seen as unsustainable (from immigrants in city)
  • gov implemented immigration program–> control migrant no. in regional areas
  • 30% of Syd pop growth, accomodated in boundaries of existing metropolitan URBAN CONSOLIDATION
37
Q

Barangaroo eg:

A

22ha, 5 wharves, (currently used for commerical shipping/ passenger terminal)

  • plan to make are more useable, western edge of city: creating
  • new civic boulevard (connecting Barangaroo-Walsh Bay-King street Wharf)
  • habourside park
  • commercial/residential quarter integrated with CBD

new parklands: use innovative sustainability and space for diverse use

38
Q

development:

A

develop new ‘major centres’ (eg Blacktown, secondary edge city with focus on retail, education, med-high density housing)

39
Q

solving traffic congestion:

A
  • western suburbs known for worst traffic= slower commute transport times, increase pollution

solved by:

  • expanding CBD to accommodate long term growth, transport needs of city
  • improving WE road system= facilitate transport, structure for CBD to grow westward
  • improve road, rail and cycleway systems in major regional centres

also fixed by providing transport infrastructure–> building new toll roads (M2, M5, M4)

40
Q

future trends: toll roads, pollution

A

from toll roads: increase urban sprawl, atmospheric pollution

water/air pollution expect increase: demand for nature resources and higher waster production- need ecological sustainability practices
- increase: industrial factories, man-made features = more carbon (more greenhouse gases)

water: major issue
- rising pop, decline in water availability

waste disposal cost: increase, illegal dumping (major env. problem)
- damage biophysical env, Sydney’s aesthetic/intrinsic value

but MUST: at a cost, ensure Sydney as growing World City can enjoy benefits

Geography HSC (23 decks)

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