Urban change - 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Importance of the City - London?

A
  • Capital & centre for government
  • Largest & wealthiest city in UK - wages & house prices increased rapidly, its a world city w/ global influence
  • Many companies locate HQ’s there
  • Centre for culture, entertainment, tourism, legal & medical facilities, education, media, communication networks
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2
Q

What is the location and background of London?

A
  • Grew as port
  • Tidal nature allowed ships to navigate in
  • Position allowed international trade and import & export of goods
  • Originally lowest bridging point on Thames
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3
Q

What are the Social opportunities in London?

A
  • Culture attractions - West End theatres & museums

* Retail Areas - Regent Street & Westfield are very popular

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4
Q

What are the Economic opportunities in London?

A
  • Retail sectors contribute to thousands of jobs
  • Financial centres contribute to city’s economy hugely
  • High tech industries attracted to Olympic Park since regeneration
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5
Q

What are the Environmental opportunities in London?

A
  • One is worlds greenest cities
  • 47% is green space
  • Urban greening cleans air, absorbs carbon, reduces flood risk, create wildlife habitats & provide recreational opportunities including allotments
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6
Q

What are the Social challenges in London?

A
  • House prices increased with greater house shortages
  • 2 million people live in poverty
  • Social deprivation reduces life expectancy
  • Significant socio-economic divide
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7
Q

What are the Economic challenges in London?

A
  • Closure of port based industries & factories caused large scale unemployment
  • Favoured by companies & adding to N/S divide
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8
Q

What are the Environment challenges in London?

A
  • Urban sprawl led to increased pressure & decline of greenfield sites around city
  • Air pollution increasing
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9
Q

What were the Aims of the Olympic Regeneration Project?

A
  • Attract investment in more businesses & job opportunities in areas of multiple deprivation
  • Aimed to improve public spaces with more green urban environments
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10
Q

What were the Main Features of the Olympic Regeneration Project?

A
  • Polluted brownfield sited used to create: Olympic stadium
  • New home of West Ham United
  • Aquatics centre & Velopark
  • Westfield Stratford City retail complex
  • East village & 2,800 new homes
  • Queen Elizabeth Country Park & Here East
  • Media centre & hub for creative and media industries
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11
Q

What is the Population like in London in the past and over the years?

A
  • 1801 - largest city in world
  • Industrial revolution - migrants attracted to jobs
  • WW2 - badly bombed so population moved out as houses demolished
  • 2015 - 8.6 million
  • Migration creates multi-cultural society
  • 2030 - reach 10 million
  • Disintegration of greenbelt & additional growth in suburbs
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12
Q

What is the Location and Background of Lagos?

A
  • Costal city in South West of Nigeria
  • Africa’s fastest growing city
  • Population of 15 million people
  • Growth Rate = 600,000 a year
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13
Q

What is a Major NEE City?

A

Lagos in Nigeria

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14
Q

What is a Major UK City?

A

London

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15
Q

What is the Importance of the City - Lagos?

A
  • No longer capital but still centre of trade & commerce
  • 80% of industry based in & around Lagos
  • Main financial centre in West Africa
  • It has an international airport & busy sea port
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16
Q

What are the Social Opportunities in Lagos?

A
  • Living standards improving gradually
  • Still division between rich and poor
  • Health Care & education better now
17
Q

What are the Economic Opportunities in Lagos?

A
  • One of highest incomes per person in country

* Has various types of employment (oil, retail & manufacturing, work in informal sector)

18
Q

What are the Environmental Opportunities in Lagos?

A
  • Congested roads
  • Street gangs
  • Electricity in short supply
  • Sewage system hardly works
  • 10,000 tonnes of waste produced per day - problems to contend with daily
19
Q

What are the Social Challenges in Lagos?

A
  • Severe shortages of housing, schools & healthcare centres
  • Large scale inequality - creates tension between rich & poor
20
Q

What are the Economic Challenges in Lagos?

A
  • Rise of informal jobs w/ low pay & tax contributions
  • 90% of new jobs are in the informal sector
  • Eko Atlantic & TNC’s making a difference
21
Q

What are the Environmental Challenges in Lagos?

A

Shanty towns called Favelas are established around the city - typically on unfavourable land (e.g. hills)

22
Q

What was Migration like in Lagos in the past and recently?

A
  • 1970’s - expansion of Lagos took off with oil
  • But, main growth is due to urban migration
  • Recently - millions of people migrated from rural areas that have drought, lack of services & unemployment to Lagos
  • People do this to get a better quality of life, though opportunities are perceived & face poverty still
  • Youthful population - most migrants are young
23
Q

What are Squatter Settlements like in Lagos?

A
  • Densely populated due to shortages of land
  • Makoko extends into Lagos lagoon & built on stilts
  • Homes makeshift & lack basic facilities & sanitation
24
Q

What is the Population of Makoko in Lagos?

A

Quarter of a million people

25
Q

How do the Authorities feel about Makoko in Lagos?

A
  • Keen to demolish Makoko, but residents have nowhere to go
  • Attempts made to improve water supply & schools(e.g. floating schools)
  • But, scale of the problem is beyond what authorities can cope with
  • Improvements might make settlements more permanent & attract more to them - but where does money come from if jobs are informal