Changing Economic World - 2 Flashcards
What is Development?
- Progress in economic growth
- Use of technology
- Improving welfare
- Country gets better when developed - their quality of living, health, safety, wealth
What are Measures of Development?
- Gross national income (GNI)
- GNI per head
- Gross domestic product (GDP)
- Birth rate
- Death rate
- Infant mortality rate
- People per doctor
- Literacy rate
- Access to safe water
- Life expectancy
- Human development index (HDI)
What is Gross National Income?
Total value of goods and services produced by country in year, including overseas
What is Gross Domestic Product?
Total value of goods and services a country produces in s uear
What is Birth rate?
Number of live babies born per thousand of population per year
What is Death rate?
Number of deaths per thousand of population per year
What is Infant Mortality Rate?
Number of babies who die under 1 year old, per thousand babies born
What is Literacy Rate?
Percentage of adults who can read and write
What is Human Development Index?
Number calculated using life expectancy, education level, income per head
What are More Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs) and Where are they found?
- Richer countries
- Found in north
- USA, Australia, New Zealand, European countries
What are Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) and Where are they found?
- Poorer countries
- Found in south
- India, China, Mexico, Brazil, all African countries
What are Higher Income Countries (HICs) and give examples?
- Wealthiest countries
- GNI per head is high
- Citizens have a high quality life
- UK, USA, Canada, France
What are Lower Income Countries (LICs) and give examples?
- Poorest countries
- GNI per head is low
- Citizens have a low quality life
- Nepal, Uganda, Somalia, Afghanistan
What are Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) and give an example?
- Rapidly getting richer
- Primary industry(agriculture) to secondary industry (manufacturing)
- Quality of life improving
- China, Brazil, Russia, India
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
Shows changing birth rates and death rates affect population growth
What’s a Natural Increase?
When birth rate higher than death rate so population grows
What is a Natural Decrease?
Death rate is higher than birth rate so population decreases
What Physical Factors affect how Developed a Country is?
- Poor climate
- Poor farming land
- Few raw materials
- Lots of natural hazards
What is Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
- Least developed
- High birth rate
- High death rate
What is Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
- Not very developed
- High birth rate
- Rapidly falling death rate
What is Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
- More developed
- Rapidly falling birth rate
- Slowly falling death rate
What is Stage 4/5 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
- Most developed
- Low birth rate
- Low death rate
How does the Physical Factors of a Poor Climate mean a Country is Less Developed?
- Too hot/cold/dry = no growth
- Reduces food produced = malnutrition = low quality of life
- Fewer crops to sell = less money
- Government gets less money from taxes, less money to spend on developing the country
How does the Physical Factors of Poor Farming Land mean a Country is Less Developed?
- Land is steep/poor soul = not a lot of food produced
- Starvation
- Less money
How does the Physical Factors of Few Raw Materials mean a Country is Less Developed?
- Without coal, oil, metal ores = less money made
* Less money to spend on development
How does the Physical Factors of Lots of Natural Hazards mean a Country is Less Developed?
- Causes death, injury, destroy property, disruption to humans
- Spend a lot of money on rebuilding after disaster occurs
- Reduce quality of life
- Reduce amount of money government spends on development projects
What Historical Reasons cause Uneven Development?
- Colonisation
* Conflict
How does the Historical Reason of Colonisation mean a Country has Uneven Development?
- Lower level of development when gain independence from being colonised
- Lead to famine & malnutrition and dependant on another country
How does the Historical Reason of Conflict mean a Country has Uneven Development?
- War reduce levels of development, healthcare worse
- Money spent on arms & fighting instead of development
- People killed & damage to infrastructure & property
What Economic Factors cause Uneven Development?
- Poor trade links
- Lots of debt
- An economy based on primary products
How does Economic Factors of Poor Trade Links cause Uneven Development in a country?
- World trade patterns affect country economy & their level of development
- Poor trade links = less money made = less to spend on development
How does Economic Factors of Lots of debt cause Uneven Development in a country?
- Very poor countries borrow money from other countries
- This money has to be paid back
- Money country makes used to pay back dept, not used to develop
How does Economic Factors of an Economy Based on Primary Products cause Uneven Development in a country?
- Countries that export primary products (wood, metal, stone) are less developed
- Don’t make much profit, their prices fluctuate - price below cost of production
- Less money made - government spend less on development
- Countries that export manufactured goods are more developed - make good profit
What are the Consequences of Uneven Development?
- Large flows of international migration
* Great differences in wealth and health
How does Uneven Development lead to Differences in Wealth?
- More developed countries = higher income
- Less developed countries = lower income
- GNI per head in UK is over 40 times higher than in Chad