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Geography > Uk Glacial Landscapes > Flashcards

Uk Glacial Landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

How does the moving ice erode the landscape

A

Plucking and Abrasion

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2
Q

What is Abrasion

A

Bits of rock grind against the rock below the glacier, wearing it away

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3
Q

What is Plucking and when does it occur

A

Occurs when melt water at base, sides or back of glacier freezes onto the rock, as glacier moves forward it pulls pieces of rock out

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4
Q

How do Glaciers erode the landscape as they move?

A
  • ice moves in circular motion
  • freeze-thawing breaks bits of rock off the mountain face
  • plucking bread bit of rock off the mountain face and makes the back wall steeper
  • abrasion grinds and gouges the valley floor
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5
Q

What is Freeze-thaw Weathering

A
  • Water gets into cracks in rocks
  • Water freezes and expands, putting pressure on rock
  • Ice thaws, releasing pressure
  • If repeated bits of rock fall off
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6
Q

What happens if ice moves in circular motion

A

Erode hollows in the landscape and deepen them into bowl shapes

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7
Q

What is an Arête and how is it formed

A
  • Narrow, steep-sided ridge
  • Formed when 2 glaciers flow in parallel valleys
  • Glaciers erode sides of valleys, sharpens ridge between them giving jagged profile
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8
Q

What is Pyramidal peak and how is formed

A
  • Pointed mountain peak with at least 3 sides

* Formed when 3 or more back-to-back glaciers erode a mountain

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9
Q

What is Truncated Spurs and how are they formed

A
  • Cliff-like edges on valley side

* Formed when ridges stick out into main valley are cut off as glacier moves past

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10
Q

What are Hanging Valleys and how are they formed

A
  • Valleys
  • Formed by smaller glaciers that flow into main glacier
  • Glacial trough eroded deeply by larger glacier, glaciers melt valleys are left at higher level
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11
Q

What are Glacial Troughs and how are they formed?

A
  • Steep-sided valleys with flat bottoms

* Change from V to U shaped valley as glacier eroded sides and bottom, making it wider & deeper

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12
Q

What are Ribbon lakes and how are they formed

A
  • Long, thin lakes that form after a glacier retreats

* Form in hollows where softer rock was eroded more than surrounding hard rock

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13
Q

What are Corries and how are they formed

A
  • Begin as hollows containing a small glacier
  • Ice moves by rotational slip, erodes hollow into steep sided shape with lip at bottom
  • Ice meets and leave small circular lake called a tarn
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14
Q

What is Transportation

A

Glaciers moving material (e.g. sand, clay, rocks) over large distances

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15
Q

What is Till

A

Unsorted mixture of material transported by glaciers

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16
Q

What is bulldozing

A

Ice pushes loose material in front of it

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17
Q

How are moraines and drumlins formed

A

Ice carrying material melts, material is deposited on valley floor, forming landforms

18
Q

What are Moraines

A

Landforms made out of till dropped by glacier as it melts

19
Q

What are the different types of Moraine

A
  • Lateral
  • Medial
  • Terminal
  • Ground moraine
20
Q

What is Lateral Moraine and how is it formed

A
  • Long mound of material deposited where side of glacier was
  • Formed by material eroded from valley walls & carried along ice surface at sides of glacier
21
Q

What is Medial Moraine and how is formed

A
  • Long ridge of material deposited along centre of valley floor
  • 2 glaciers meet, lateral moraines from edges join and form line of material running along centre of new glacier
22
Q

What is Terminal Moraine and how is it formed

A
  • Builds up at snout at glacier - furthest point reached by ice
  • Material abraded & plucked from valley floor, deposited as semicircular mounds as ice retreats
23
Q

What is Ground Moraine and how is it formed

A

Eroded material that was dragged along base of glacier & deposited over wide area on valley floor as ice melts

24
Q

What are Drumlins

A
  • Elongated hills of glacial deposits
  • Round, blunt , steep at upstream end
  • Tapered, pointed, gently sloping at downstream end
25
Q

What are Erratics

A
  • Rocks picked up by glacier, deposited on area that has different rock type
  • Look out of place
26
Q

What are the Economic uses of Glaciated areas

A
  • Farming
  • Forestry
  • Quarrying
  • Tourism
27
Q

How is Farming an economic use for glaciated areas

A
  • Sheep Farming
  • Cattle kept on flatter valley floors
  • Grass grown to make hay & feed animals
28
Q

How is Forestry an economic use for glaciated areas

A
  • Trees used for timber

* Coniferous forests can cope with cold weather and rain

29
Q

How is Quarrying an economic use for glaciated areas

A
  • Erosion by glaciers left rock exposed so easy to get to

* Glacial landscapes quarried for slate, granite, limestone

30
Q

How is Tourism an economic use for glaciated areas

A
  • Dramatic landscapes, making them attractive to visit

* People take part in variety of activities = hiking, climbing, skiing, mountain biking

31
Q

How does Farming cause conflict in glacial landscapes

A
  • Block footpaths or deter walkers to prevent tourists walking through their paths
  • Grazing sheep remove vegetation, some want landscape to be natural
32
Q

How does Tourism cause conflict in glacial landscapes

A
  • Object to development of infrastructure to support tourism
  • Tourists damage stone walls, scare sheep, leave gates open, trample on crops = cause conflict with farmers
33
Q

How does Forestry cause conflict in glacial landscapes

A
  • Harvesting tress = chopping forests = wildlife scared & damage habitats
  • Coniferous forests don’t support as many different species = less attractive to tourists, less access
34
Q

How does Quarrying cause conflict in glacial landscapes

A
  • Object to destruction of habits & damage local wildlife
  • Less attractive to tourists = economic impacts on local businesses
  • Locals object to large trucks that transport quarried stone close to their homes = very noisy
35
Q

What Economic Impacts does Tourism have

A
  • Positive economic impact cause main industry
  • Offers employment to locals, but jobs seasonal & low paid
  • Less positive = high house prices due to holiday demand & holiday homes = locals forced out of area
  • Price of good & services is higher because tourists willing to pay more
36
Q

What Social Impacts does Tourism have

A
  • Increased traffic, roads narrow & winding = congestion
  • Shops sell gifts & clothing for tourists instead of goods for locals
  • Services for locals limited because holiday homes not occupied all year round
37
Q

What Environmental Impacts does Tourism have

A
  • Footpath erosion
  • Vegetation destroyed, exposed soil washed away
  • Litter increases,lit bonfires damage ground
  • Water sports create noise pollution - waves created erode shoreline, fuel spills pollute water
  • Wildlife & livestock disturbed by walkers
38
Q

How is Footpath Erosion managed

A
  • Resurface paths with hard-wearing materials
  • Reseed vegetation to reduce visual impact of erosion
  • Encourage visitors to use alternative routes
39
Q

How is Traffic Congestion managed

A
  • Increase public transport
  • Improve road network by providing single-track roads
  • Encourage people to use bikes, buses, boats etc
40
Q

How is the Wildlife and Farmland protected

A
  • Use signs to remind people not to litter & provide bins
  • Encourage visitors to close gates & keep dogs on leads

Geography (10 decks)

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