Urban Areas + Mass Culture + Women’s Struggles

Question 1

Describe public health in overpopulated working-class neighborhood

Answer 1

• high child mortality rate
• poor water quality
• many children ingested unpasteurized milk

Question 2

What effort was introduced in the 1910s to solve the public health crisis?

Answer 2

• a water chlorination and filtration system was introduced

- clinics (Goutte de lait) distributed quality milk and information on public hygiene

Question 3

What did municipalities do to improve hygiene and make urban life more pleasant?

Answer 3

• invested in garbage collection and construction of sewers

- developed parks to provide access to green space

Question 4

What public services did the electrification of cities bring?

Answer 4

• tramways

- street lighting

Question 5

Describe mass culture

Answer 5

• 1920s
• people now had access to the radio
• movies became popular
• novels of rural life emmerged

Question 6

Describe women’s access to education in the early 20th century

Answer 6

• feminist activists believed in the importance of education for girls
• the first classical college for girls (ecole d’enseignement supérieur) opened in 1908

Question 7

When did women get the right to vote federally?

Answer 7

1918

Question 8

Describe women in the labour market in 1931

Answer 8

• women’s average wage was 56% that of men’s

- feminists fought for women to have access to careers as lawyers, accountants and doctors

Question 9

Who did feminists often face strong opposition from?

Answer 9

• the clergy

- conservative nationalists

Question 10

What were the clergy and conservative nationalists views on women’s right to vote?

Answer 10

• believed that politics were reserved for women

- believed that granting women the right to vote was a threat to the social order and family

Question 11

Which feminists fought for women’s right to vote?

Answer 11

• idola saint-jean
• marie lacoste
• Eve circe côté